Chapter 33 Egyptian gods and goddesses Early in Egyptian history towns and villages had their own patron gods and goddesses who they believed protected them Early Egyptian gods were often depicted as people with human bodies but with the heads of animals ID: 570874
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Slide1
Ancient Egyptian Religion
Chapter 3.3 Slide2
Egyptian gods and goddesses
Early in Egyptian history towns and villages had their own patron gods and goddesses, who they believed protected them.
Early Egyptian gods were often depicted as people, with human bodies, but with the heads of animals.
All Egyptian people worshiped certain principal gods, such as the sun god, Re and the falcon god, Horus who was the god of the sky.Eventually all of ancient Egypt would come to worship in several principal gods, and goddesses. Slide3
The Great god of Egypt: Amon-Re
The chief god of the ancient Egyptians was Amon-Re. Amon-Re protected both the rich and the poor.
Egyptians believed that Amon- Re was born each morning with the rising sun in the east.
This is the reason why the desert in the western region of Egypt was believed to be the home of the dead. Slide4
gods and goddesses of Egypt
Osiris- was the god of the living and the dead
Isis- the wife of Osiris and was worshiped as the great mother, and the goddess of women.
Horus- the son of Osiris and Isis. He was the god of the sky and of Egyptian kingship.Thoth- was the Egyptian god of wisdom and writing.
Anubis-Slide5
Egyptian Mythology
http://
www.ancientegypt.co.uk/gods/story/main.htmlSlide6
Journey to the Afterlife
The ancient Egyptians believed the spirits of the dead made their way to the afterlife in heavenly boats.
If they had pleased the gods in this world, they joined Osiris in the afterlife, and would live a life of ease and pleasure, eating and drinking and visiting family and friends who had gone before them.
Egyptians did not believe in a hell, If a person was not properly buried or mummified, then their life would cease to exist. If they were properly taken care of then they would live forever in the afterlife.Egyptians also believed that the souls of the dead could not survive without food, clothing and other possessions from this world. That is why they were buried
with them.Slide7
Egyptian Mummification
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3Kt2FxhR_kSlide8
Preparing the DeadBefore the pyramids and the Valley of the Kings, most Egyptians were buried in shallow pits in the desert.
Egypt’s hot and dry climate dried out the body’s of the dead, and created a
mummy- a preserved body of a dead person
.Slide9
Preparing the Dead
http
://
www.ancientegypt.co.uk/mummies/story/main.htmlhttp://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/mummies/story/main.htmlSlide10
The Egyptian Afterlife
The Afterlife
- The Egyptians believed that to get to the afterlife they would have to pass through a dangerous place with perils such as monsters, boiling lakes, fires and particularly nasty snakes that spat out poison.
These evils could be overcome by the right spells and the Egyptians often wrote down the spells on paper and left them in or near the coffin. If they overcame the evils they would reach the gates of Yaru (the Egyptian afterlife) and meet their friends again.
But
first they had to pass the greatest test of all in the Hall of Two Truths. Slide11
The Egyptian Afterlife
This test involved weighing the heart, the only organ which had been left in the body.
The
heart was placed on one side of a balance and in the other side was placed the Feather of Truth: the Feather of Truth held all the lies and sins of their past life. The 3 great gods, Osiris, Anubis and Thoth, decided the result of the weighing. If the heart passed the test then the dead person was allowed to enter the gates of
Yaru
but if the heart failed the test then it was eaten by a terrifying monster known as the devourer.
The
devourer was part crocodile, part hippopotamus and part lion and once it had eaten a heart the dead person was gone for ever.Slide12
The Pyramids of Egypt
Egyptian Pharaohs first began constructing pyramids as their places of burial during the Old Kingdom in the Fourth Century B.C.
The largest and most famous of the Egyptian pyramids is the great pyramid of Giza built by the pharaoh Khufu.
His son Kafre, also built a smaller pyramid at Giza, and ordered the construction of the Great Sphinx. Which has the head of the pharaoh Kafre
, with the body of a lion. Slide13
The Great Sphinx
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=pq1t_qPlyTwSlide14
The Construction of the Pyramids
The pyramids required a great deal of organization to construct. Each individual block weighs nearly 5,000 pounds, and the Great Pyramid is made up of nearly 2 million stones.
The first step that was taken in the construction of the pyramids of Giza were their location.
The pharaohs chose the West Bank of the Nile river, because in Egyptian religion it represented the land of the dead. The stones used to build the pyramids were taken from quarries, and were shipped up the Nile to the site of construction.
Here workers would use sleds, wooden rollers, and levers to drag pull and lift the huge blocks into place.
With the mass amount of labor, work and planning, it is no wonder why he Great Pyramids of Giza are one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world.