By: Gabriella Stratford - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

By: Gabriella Stratford

Life of an

InmateSlide2

Who is an Inmate?defined as “a person deprived of liberty under involuntary restraint, confinement, or custody

”.“You do the crime, you dothe time”.Sent to Jail/Prisonas punishment for

breaking the law.Slide3

ArrivalTaken to Central ProcessingStripped, disinfected, and thoroughly searched

Receive “Resident’s Handbook”Meal timesDisciplinary RegulationsVisitation GuidelinesPaired With cell mateSlide4

Prison CultureInmates decide what is acceptable behavior, not officers.Prisonization

: Adaptation to the prison cultureDonald Clemmer4 Personalities:Professional Criminals “Do Time”, speedy freedomYoung inmates find security inside prison instead of out, “Jailing” themselvesSome take advantage of prison programs, want improvement, “Gleaning”

“Disorganized” inmates: mentally disabled, low level of intelligence Slide5

Prison Culture Cont.Inmates create their own societiesInmates develop own way of

communicationEstablish methods of determining powerViolenceDeveloped own economyNo currency, instead use bartering of Food

ContrabandSexual FavorsSlide6

Some Examples of ContrabandSlide7

The Language of the ConvictedAce: “Dollar”

Base Head: Cocaine addictB.G.: “Baby Gangster”Booty Bandit: Sexual Predator, preys on weaker inmates

Bumpin’ Titties: Fighting

Catch Cold:

To get killed

Chiva

:

Heroin

Diddler

:

Child Molester

Green Light:

Gang term for contract killingSlide8

Prison Language cont.

Hacks:

Correctional officers

Jug-Up

:

mealtime

Lugger

:

inmate who smuggles in and possesses illegal substances

Punk:

Inmate

subject to

rape

Shank:

Knife

Tits-up

:

Inmate who has died

Topped

:

Committed suicideSlide9

Prison Culture Cont.Prison culture influenced by inmates’

ValuesExperiencesBeliefs

Today’s inmate is more likely to behave violently behind barsSlide10

Changes in InstitutionsDramatic change in the ages of inmate populationState and federal prisoners over 40 increasedFactors:Older offendersHigh rates of recidivism

Aging of U.S. population as a wholeSlide11

Older Inmates = More Costs

American Civil Liberties Union, costs 3x as much to house an elderly inmateAs they get older, the more health problems they haveThe more health problems they have, more money needed to treat themSlide12

Prisoner XIn 2009, California Department of Corrections debated on whether or not an inmate serving 14 years for robbery suffering from heart disease should be allowed to go through a

heart transplant. If this prisoner were to get the transplant, it would cost about $1 million to provide follow-up care. During this time, 4,000 Americans were on the list for a heart. Once word got out, many tax-payers were furious. They thought it was unthinkable to give treatment to a criminal before many other law-abiding citizens. Dr. Lawrence Schneiderman, a medical professor at the University of California, said, “It’s reasonable to think the benefit we are giving him will be experienced by him with plenty of life left. Medically, we have no reason to deny him. Socially, he violated society, but not so severely that he gives up his right to experience medical care

.”The wife of the inmate told the press, “Since when is it unethical to save someone’s life?”Slide13

Prisoner X cont.In 1976, however, the Unites States Supreme Court ruled that inmates, including prisoners on death row, have the same rights to medical attention as others.

OUTCOME: On January 3, at Stanford University Medical Center, the prisoner received a heart transplant. However, his body rejected the heart and died within a year.Slide14

Rehabilitation and Prison ProgramsHelp inmates with problemsRehabilitation centers to help with addictions

Prison Programs include:Faith-based programsBoot campHonor ProgramDogs in JailDrug TreatmentAnything that benefits the

inmateSlide15

Some programs are limited.Twenty-four hour psychiatric care for inmates suffering from mental illnesses are rare due to the high costMost rehab programs are at a cost benefit analysis For each dollar spent on a program, how many dollars are being saved? Slide16

Education for InmatesCan receive their GED

take literacy coursesMore than half of American prisons offer vocational traininga type of program that provides inmates a chance to obtain skills necessary to find a job when their time is up. All these are meant to help ex-convicts to live a better life and lead them to a path to become law-abiding citizens.

Can be beneficial to financial needs: Researchers at Washington State Institute for Public

Policy estimated

that every $1,182 spent for inmate vocational training saves $6,806 in future criminal justice costs and that every $962 spent on inmate education saves $5,306 in future criminal justice costs.Slide17

Prison ViolenceThere are many instances that inmates have gone on strike, posing a threat to the safety of both officers and inmates.

Used to establish dominance and power among prisoners, can often lead in death. About fifty-five inmates in state prisons and twenty-five inmates in local jails are murdered by fellow inmates each year. It’s very common to see prisoners make weapons out of normal everyday items such as toothbrushes or handles to mops.Slide18

Violent BehaviorHumboldt State University's Lee H. Bowker has identified several reasons for violent

behavior. 1. Having a reputation of violence can eliminate an inmate as a target for violence and other assaults. 2. Enhances self-image in an environment that does not care for

other attributes. 3. In some cases, can give sexual relief. 4

. Used to acquire goods through extortion or robbery

Other reasons: stress, overcrowded, tension between races, Violence is used to relieve tension.Slide19

Prison Gangs

Play major role in prison lifeRacial and ethnic identification is primary contributor to formationOften extensions of street gangsLarge percentage of gang memberships are African American and Hispanic, however the majority of the gangs are whiteParticipate in illegal activities:

ProstitutionSelling of drugsLoan sharkingGambling Slide20

Aryan BrotherhoodWhite gangFormed in San Quentin State Prison in 1967White protection against blacks

Allies: Mexican MafiaRivals: Black Guerrilla FamilySlide21

Mexican Mafia

Mexican American/ HispanicFormed in Los Angeles in Deuel Vocational Institution in late 1950sAllies: Aryan BrotherhoodRivals: Black Guerrilla Family and La Nuestra FamiliaSlide22

Black Guerrilla FamilyAfrican American gangFound in San Quentin State Prison in mid 1960’s

Allies: La Nuestra FamiliaRivals: Aryan BrotherhoodSlide23

BloodsAfrican American gangOriginally a street gang in Los Angeles in 1960sFormed in defense of the

CripsAllies: La Nuestra FamiliaRivals: Crips, Aryan BrotherhoodSlide24

Women’s PrisonsAren’t many differences between male and female prisonsM

ost women inmates are have low-income, undereducated, and unemployedThe dominant race of female inmates are African American, however the population of white convicts has increased in the last two decadesPopular charge: nonviolent drug charges or property crime.history of sexual or physical

abuse more likely to be imprisoned It is said that 55% of all female inmates in jail report to have been a victim to abuse. Slide25

Women’s Prison cont.About 1.7 million American children have a mother who is under correctional supervision Only six states—California, Ohio, Indiana, Nebraska, New York, and Washington—provide facilities where inmates and their infant children can

live with each otherThe culture of women's prisons is very different than that of male prisons.The atmosphere feels more like a high school than a prison. The women divide themselves into cliques, “lifters” at the top of the hierarchy and “untouchables” such as child abusers at the

bottom Unlike the secret economy in men's prisons where weapons and drugs are sought out and valued, the treasure contraband items for women are makeup, food and clothes.Slide26

Works CitedAos, Steven, Marna

Geyer. Miller, and Elizabeth Drake. Evidence-based Public Policy Options to Reduce Future Prison Construction, Criminal Justice Costs, and Crime Rates. Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy, 2006. Print. 22 April 2013.“Behind Bars II: Substance Abuse and America’s Prison Population” The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. Print. 20 April 2013.Bowker, Lee H. Prison Victimization. New York: Elsevier, 1981. Print. 19 April 2013.

"Caught in the Net: The Impact of Drug Policies on Women and Families." (2004): 18-19. Print. 19 April 2013.Clemmer

, Donald. The Prison Community. Boston: Christopher, 1940. Print. 20 April 2013.

Gaines, Larry K., and Roger

LeRoy

Miller. Criminal Justice: Produced for Salt Lake

Community College.

N.p

.:

Waddsworth

, 2013. Print. 20 April 2013.

Goffman, Erving. Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates. New York: Doubleday, 1961. Print. 20 April 2013.

Irwin, John. "Prisons in Turmoil." Google Books. Web. 18 April 2013.

Klein, Stuart B. ""Prisoners' Rights to Physical and Mental Health Care: A Modern Expansion of

the Eighth Amendment's Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause"" Fordham University Law Journal 7, Web. 17 April 2013.

Schirmer

, Sarah, Ashley

Nellis

, and Marc

Mauer

. "Incarcerated Parents and Their Children:

Trends 1991-2007." Washington D.C.: The Sentencing Project, Feb. 2009. Print.

20 April 2013.