Email robin hmsuqeduau Requests for reprints should be sent to Robin BurgessLim erick Department of Human Movement Studies The Univer sity of Queensland 4072 Australia International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 23 19 ID: 15453
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positionrequiresuserstoeithercompromisetheirpreferredgazeangle,ortoadoptposturesinwhichoneormoreofthecervicaloratlanto-occipital arateone-wayAnalysisofVariance(ANOVA).2.ResultsExaminationofthesummarystatistics(Table1)revealsreliabledi!erencesbetweentheÒeyeheight onelevel,say,aboutanaxisinthelowercervicalvertebrawhileextensionoccursatanother,say,theatlanto-occipitaljoint.Thesecondmissingelementisarecognitionoftheinherentinstabilityoftheheadandnecksys-tem,especiallyintheuprightposition(WintersandPeles,1990).Theneckmusclesmustdomorethanjustbalancetheexternalforcesactingonthesystem.Forthesystemtobestable,additionalco-contractionisrequiredtoincreasethesti Arborelius,U.P.,1986.Loadmomentsandmyoelectricac-tivitywhenthecervicalspineisheldinfullßexionandextension.Ergonomics29,1539Ñ1552.Hsiao,H.,Keyserling,W.M.,1991.Evaluatingposturebehaviorduringseatedtasks.InternationalJournalofIndustrialErgonomics8,313Ñ334.Kroemer,K.H.E.,Hill,S.G.,1986.Preferredlineofsightangle.Ergonomics29,1129Ñ1134.Kumar,S.,Scaife,W.G.S.,1979.Aprecisiontask,postureandstrain.JournalofSafetyResearch11,28Ñ36.Kumar,S.,1994.Acomputerdeskforbifocalwearers,with measurementofneckloads.JournalofOrthopaedicRe-search6,713Ñ720.NationalOccupationalHealthandSafetyCommission(1989).Guidancenoteforthepreventionofoccupationaloverusesyndromeinkeyboardemployment.AGPS,Can-