1PortmanteausinSpanishPi152neros2000Pi152neros2002ladR ID: 400341
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PortmanteausasGeneralizedTemplatesJochenTrommer&EvaZimmermann,Leipzig (1)PortmanteausinSpanishPi˜neros(2000),Pi˜neros(2002)ladR´onmakd´onalsladR´onals`thief'`McDonalds'`McDonaldsasarip-offp´ansas antakl´osp ansakl´os`belly'`SantaClause'`potbelliedSantaClause'd´edod emokr´asjad edokr´asja`nger'`democracy'`asystemofelectionbypointingwiththenger'p erson alid´adp´ecop econ alid´ad`personality'`breast'`thepersonalityofawomanwiththeimplicationthatherbreastsareanimportantpartofit'Generalizations:(cf.analysisinPi˜neros(2000),Pi˜neros(2002)):1.theprosodicstructureoftheheadoftheconstructionispreserved2.allthesegmentalelementsofthenon-headarerealized)thesegmentalmaterialofbothsourcewordsisintegratedundertheprosodicstructureoftheheadandthesegmentsofthenon-headoverwritesegmentalmaterialoftheheadèPortmanteausaretheresultofmergingtwowordsunderaProsodicWordTemplateStandardProsodicMorphology(McCarthyandPrince,1986/1996):Templaticmorphologysuchastruncationfollowsfromafxingprosodicfeetorsyllablescf.truncationin2.1.Thisalsopredictsprosodicwordsastemplatesundertheassumptionthatallele-mentsintheprosodichierarchyarepossible(morphological)templatesAnalysisA.Intemplaticmorphologyallmaterialinamorphologicalcomplexwordmustbedominatedbyhead-prosodyB.faithfulnessconstraintspreserveprosodicstructure:prosodicnodesitselfaswellastheassociationlinesbetweenthem 2 PortmanteausasGeneralizedTemplatesJochenTrommer&EvaZimmermann,Leipzig weassumeaconceptoffaithfulnesstoassociationlinesaswell2(5)IDENT-ALXYAssignaviolationmarkforeveryinstanceoftwomorphologicallycolouredelementsXYthatare:a.relatedtoeachotherwithacolourless(=inserted)associationlineorb.relatedtoeachotherwithaphoneticallyunrealized(=deleted)associationline.2.PortmanteausasWord-Templates2.1.AnExampleforTemplaticMorphology:TruncationourproposaliscouchedwithinthetraditionofProsodicMorphology(McCarthyandPrince(1986/1996)):prosodicnodesasmorphemesaclassicalexampleforaneffectofProsodicMorphologyistruncatorymorphologyasinEnglishshortnameformation(6)(6)TruncatednamesinEnglish(Lappe,2006,11)AlfredaAlfCamilleCamElizabethLizMarvinMarvtruncatorymorphologyisindeedregularwordformation,e.g.monosyllabictruncatednamesinEnglishasyllabletemplateisafxeditmustberealized–integratedintotheprosodicstructure–duetoREALIZEMORPHEME(7),thisexcludescandidateswithaoatingsyllabletemplate(9-a)(7)REALIZEMORPHEME:Assignaviolationmarkforeverymorphologicalcolourthatisonlypresentonphoneti-callyunrealizedelements.thistemplaticafxistheheadofthemorphologicalconstruction(cf.e.g.DiSciulloandWilliams(1987))theconstraint(8)ensuresthatsegmentalmaterialmustbedominatedbyheadmaterial,excludingcandidate(9-b) 2VanOostendorphimselfconcludesthat“alsoassociationlinesneedstobepreservedfromtheinputtotheoutput”(vanOostendorp,2006a,107).OnestrategytoimplementfaithfulnesstoassociationlineswouldbetheassumptionofTurbidityTheory(Goldrick,2001).4 PortmanteausasGeneralizedTemplatesJochenTrommer&EvaZimmermann,Leipzig 2.2.Portmanteauswehaveestablishedthatallsegmentalmaterialofthenon-headmustberealizedintheportmanteau(overwritingmaterialofthehead)–thisfollowsfromafaithfulnesscon-straintparametrizedtothehead/non-headstatusofsegmentalmaterial(10)(10)MAXSNonHd:Assignaviolationmarkforeverymorphologicallycolouredsegmentofthenon-head(daughterofthemorphologicalrootnode)thatisnotphoneticallyrealized.Derivation(11)bothsourcewordsenterthederivationwithacompleteprosodicstructure(assignedinanearlierstratum)inaportmanteau(below:p erson alid´ad),oneofthetwosourcewordsistheheadoftheconstructionHDDOMisactiveandforcesallmaterialtobedominatedbyhead-prosody,i.e.thehighestprosodicnodeofp erson alid´adacandidate(11-a)thatsimplyconcatenatesbothsourcewordsunderanother(inserted)prosodicwordnodeisexcludedbyHDDOMHDDOMcouldbesatisedifthenon-headremainsunrealizedasin(11-b)–thisisex-cludedbyMAXSNonHd(andRMaswell)partialdeletion(11-c)ofthenon-headsatisesRMbutisneverthelessexcludedbyMAXSNonHdcandidates(11-c,d)bothrealizeallnon-headmaterialandintegrateitunderprosodichead-material(11-d)winsover(11-c)sinceitavoidsinsertionofepentheticsyllablesafaithfulnessconstraintpenalizinganewassociationrelationbetweenprosodicwordsandfeet(IDENT-ALPRWDFT(=IDP-F),cf.(5))excludesacandidate(11-f)thatintegratesallfeetunderthehead-prosodicwordnode6 PortmanteausasGeneralizedTemplatesJochenTrommer&EvaZimmermann,Leipzig 2.3.AMisprediction?Whataboutafxationofasegmentalafx?ifanafxistheheadoftheconstructionandthisafxisdominatedbyprosodicstructurewithitsownmorphologicalcolour,ifHDDOMisactiveinalanguageandthereforeallmaterialstrivestobedominatedbythisprosodicmaterialandifepenthesisofprosodicmaterialisexcluded(asintherankingforthetruncationpatternin(9))Doesn`tthetheorypredicttruncationofallstemmaterialthatis“toomuch”tobeintegratedundertheafx`prosody?e.g.Dutch:iftheafxexwithitsownprosodicstructureattachestoastemlikeman5,isn`tastructureasin(12)predictedonlyrealizingsegmentalmaterialthatisdominatedbyafx-prosody?(12) ei xi i i i Fti PrWd mk ak nk k k k PrWdk Ftk [exm] Solution:theconstraintSEGLEX�!PROSLEXin(13)excludesasituationinwhichalexicalmor-pheme(=stem)isdominatedbyprosodicmaterialbelongingtoafunctionalmorpheme(=afx)(13)SEGLEX�!PROSLEX: *ProsNon-Lex SegLex Assignaviolationmarkforeverylexicalsegmentthatisnotdominatedexclusivelybyprosodiclexicalmaterial.ifSEGLEX�!PROSLEXisrankedhigh,itisimpossibleforastemtosatisfyHDDOM,i.e.tobedominatedbyhead-prosodyandifthisviolationofHDDOMisunavoidableandMAXSandRMforcerealizationofthestem,prosodicmaterialofbothstemandafxisintegratedunderanewprosodicwordnodeasincandidate(14)a 5Booij(2002).8 PortmanteausasGeneralizedTemplatesJochenTrommer&EvaZimmermann,Leipzig 3.Summarywearguedthatblendingisapredictedword-templateeffectinatheoryassumingprosodiccategoriesasmorphologicaltemplatesthederivationofblendinginourtheoryfollowedfromtheconstraintHDDOMthatinadditionpredictedinstancesoftruncatorymorphologyandfromtheconstraintLEXINTtheconstraintHDDOMderivesthecross-linguisticgeneralizationthatonlylexicalstemsbutneverafxescanserveasatemplate:onlyheadscan“overwrite”prosodicstructureofanon-head4.Appendix4.1.ANoteonTelescopesWeassumethattelescopesareanOCP-effectbetweentwocombinedwords,e.g.(15)OCPOns:Assignaviolationmarkforeveryonsetthatisidenticaltoaprecedingonset.Theythereforefollowfromaquitedifferentmechanismthanportmanteaus.4.2.OT-alternativesI:Bat-El(1996)analyzesHebrewblendsthatareinstancesoftelescopesmostimportantobservationforheranalysis:oneconsonantthatbothsourcewordhaveincommon:“Designatedidenticalsegment”DISas“cut-point”:allmaterialbetweenthetwooccurrencesofthisDISisdeleteddeletiontriggeredbyconstraintDISC(talkingexplicitlyaboutDesignatedidenticalseg-ments)(16).(16)DESIGNATEDIDENTICALSEGMENTCONSTRAINT(Bat-El,1996,235)Ifthereisaconsonant thatappearsinbothstemsofthebaseoftheblend,thentheremustbeunparsedsegmentalmaterialsuchthata.oneoccurrenceof isthelast(rst)parsedsegmentbefore(after)theunparsedstringandb.theotheroccurrenceof isthelast(rst)unparsedsegmentintheunparsedstring.thetelescopesareatleastaslongasthelongersourceword(butlongerinmostcases):thisisensuredthroughtemplaticconstraintsrestrictingthesizeofablend(17)10