th Century wwweducationforumcouk In the 20th century the government accepted the need to care for all its citizens from the cradle to the grave and there was a greater focus than ever before on the health of the ID: 527672
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Slide1
Public Health in the 20th Century
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Slide2
In the 20th century, the government accepted the need to care for all its citizens 'from the cradle to the grave', and there was a greater focus than ever before on the health of the nation
This is in direct contrast to the ‘laissez faire’ attitude of the government in the 19
th century
From the Cradle to the GraveSlide3
The most important factor in the 20th century was therefore
GOVERNMENT
INDIVIDUALS were also important e.g.
Lloyd George
Prime Minister during the Liberal Reforms, and after the war with the ‘homes fit for heroes’ programme. Aneurin Bevan Minister for Health in 1948 and driving force behind the setting up of the NHS. William Beveridge – author of the Beveridge Report 1942 which outlined plans for the Welfare StateWAR – was also important – WW1 and WW2 created the desire amongst the people for a fairer and more equal countryECONOMY was also important as economies recovering after the wars were able to afford better public health care
FACTORSSlide4
From 1906 to 1914 the Liberal Government passed the Liberal Reforms-
reforms to help reduce poverty. Legislation included the introduction of old age pensions, free school meals, National Insurance and labour exchanges
1918: After the First World War, the British Prime Minister Lloyd George promised the soldiers returning from the battlegrounds of Europe '
homes fit for heroes
'. The government set itself a target of building half-a-million decent homes by 1933.1919: A Ministry of Health was set up to look after sanitation, health care and disease, as well as the training of doctors, nurses and dentists, and maternity and children's welfare.Key Steps 1Slide5
1934 Free School Milk Act encouraged local councils to give poor children free school meals
.
1942: During the Second World War, the need to give people something to fight for led the government to commission up the
Beveridge
Report. Beveridge recommended a Welfare State, which would provide social security, free health care, free education, council housing and full employment.Key Steps 2Slide6
1946: The New Towns Act planned new towns such as Stevenage and Newton
Aycliffe
to replace the inner-city slums. 5 July 1948: The 'appointed day' for the start of the
National Health Service
. Gave free health care at the point of need for everyone to be paid for via National Insurance scheme – everyone entitled regardless of whether they had paid in1956: The Clean Air Act imposed smokeless zones in cities and reduced smog.Key Steps 3Slide7
In Section AIf the sources question is on Public Health you will need to be ready for a Factors part d question – excellent examples of GOVERNMENT and INDIVIDUALS here
In Section B
You may be asked to choose either the 19
th
or 20th century or two different periods – which period saw most progress in public health or which period dealt best with a public health problem? – describe, explain, compare, evaluateYou may be asked to choose between two factors e.g. Individuals and Government and evaluate which was more important to improvements in public healthYou may be asked to compare and evaluate two sets of measures e.g. Liberal Reforms 1906-14, or the National Health Service 1948Possible Questions on Public Health