18201860 3630 Missouri Compromise 1820 The American System National Bank Internal Improvements Protective Tariff The South Loses NULLIFICATION 18281833 The American System National Bank ID: 703420
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Slide1
The Road
to Civil War
1820-1860Slide2Slide3
36˚30’
Missouri
Compromise
(1820)Slide4
The American System
National Bank
Internal ImprovementsProtective TariffThe South LosesSlide5
NULLIFICATION
1828-1833Slide6
The American System
National Bank
Internal ImprovementsProtective TariffThe South LosesSlide7
The “Great Compromiser”
Clay’s Compromises
1. Missouri (1820)2. Nullification (1833)
3. 1850 (1850)Slide8
1831Slide9
Texas
Independence1845 AnnexationSlide10
The Mexican War
1846-1848
http://www.il.ngb.army.mil/museum/HistoricalEvents/MexicanWar.htm Slide11
Wilmot Proviso
"Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States… neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory..."
David Wilmot(D – PA)NEVER PASSED
FREE SOILSlide12
Abolitionism
Opposition to SLAVERY
Free Soil
Opposition
to the SPREAD of slavery
Geographic
Base
:
NORTHEAST
Geographic
Base
:
NORTHWEST
Abolitionism vs. Free SoilSlide13Slide14
?Slide15
The Compromise of 1850
For the North:
For the South: The New Mexico Territory: Slavery in Washington, DC:
STRONGER
Fugitive Slave Law
Abolish
Slave
Trade
in Washington, D.C.
Popular Sovereignty
in Mexican Cession
Texas
sells land / Federal Gov. assumes debt
Admit
California
as a
Free
StateSlide16
The Compromise of 1850 was supposed to be the final compromise between the sections…
and it was – just for different reasons than Clay had intended.Slide17
The 1830s vs. the 1850s
1830s
COMPROMISEAccept differences in order to keep the peace (e.g., “Gag Rule” on Slavery)1850s
CONFLICT
Advance sectional and/or moral interest at the expense of sectional harmonySlide18
Personal Liberty Laws
Passed by Wisconsin and
other Northern statesGuaranteed jury trials for accused slaves
De facto
NullificationSlide19
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s bestselling
anti-slavery novel (1852)Original Illustrations: http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/uncletom/illustra/53illf.html
StoweSlide20
Some books make us
Re-ThinkSlide21
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
POPULAR
SOVEREIGNTYIn Kansas and Nebraska Territories on the issue of slaveryANIMATED MAP:http://teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/sectionalism/lesson3/
MISSOURI COMPROMISESlide22
FREE SOIL
Opposition to the
SPREAD of SlaverySlide23
Republican Party1854
Northern
Whigs + Northern Free Soil DemocratsFree SoilNOT abolitionistSlide24
“Bleeding Kansas”
1855-1859
56 DeadLawrence, KS, after the “Sack of Lawrence” by proslavery settlersSlide25
John Brown (Violent Abolitionist)
John
Steuart Curry, “Tragic Prelude,” 1937-1941Slide26
Brooks/Sumner Incident
(
1856)Sen. Charles Sumner (MA)
vs.
Rep. Preston Brooks (SC)Slide27
READ Sumner’s Speech
READ Brooks’ Defense
SLAP!Slide28
Dred Scott v. Sandford
FACTS OF THE CASE:
Dred Scott, a slave, lived with his master in free territory for two years. Scott claimed this made him a free man.
(1857)Slide29
THE DECISION:
People of African descent (incl. Scott) could not be U.S. citizens.Congress can’t forbid slavery in federal territories (violation of property rights)
Ergo, the Missouri Compromise is Unconstitutional
Judicial Activism
Dred Scott v. Sandford
(1857)Slide30
“Slave Power” Conspiracy?Slide31
“House Divided” Speech
Abraham Lincoln
1858Slide32
John Brown’s Raid
OBJECTIVE:
Seize a federal arsenal Harpers Ferry, VATREASONTried, Convicted, ExecutedDifferent reactions in North and South
(
1859)Slide33Slide34
Paranoia
NORTH: “Slave Power” Conspiracy
The South wants to spread slavery throughout the nationSOUTH: North plans to destroy Southern slavery by igniting slave revolts.
Mason-Dixon LineSlide35
1860 Presidential ElectionSlide36
Abraham Lincoln(R-IL)Sixteenth President of the U.S.1861-1865
Democratic Party split
Election prompted secession of states in the Deep Southhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/al16.html Slide37
SecessionSlide38