What are Sacraments What graces do they convey How were they prefigured in the Old Testament and fulfilled by Jesus Highlights of the Spiritual aspects of the Mass 1 What are sacramentals ID: 775601
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The Sacraments & Liturgy
What are Sacraments? What graces do they convey? How were they prefigured in the Old Testament and fulfilled by Jesus? Highlights of the Spiritual aspects of the Mass.
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Slide2What are sacramentals?
Sacred signs which resemble the spiritual effects of the sacraments. (CCC 1667)Sacramentals dispose believers to receive the chief effects of the SacramentsSacramentals include:Blessings – at meals, consecrations to GodSpecific actions – processions, the sign of the crossPrayers and devotions – the RosaryObjects – holy water, ashes, candles, medalsWe are a society of signs and symbols – sacramentals help us to remain focused on our spirituality in a concrete way
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Slide3What are sacraments?
“Efficacious signs of grace instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church by which the divine life is dispensed to us” (CCC 1131)They are effective signs and symbols of actual grace conveyed to us by Jesus through His ChurchSacraments convey divine life and enable us to encounter Jesus in a tangible way – when we respond, we draw closer to Him Respecting the nature that God gave us, He uses material things to accomplish spiritual purposesThey are not merely man-made gestures – they actually convey grace from Jesus through the power of the Holy Spirit
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Slide4What are Sacraments?
Jesus instituted every Sacrament and entrusted them to the ChurchSacraments are necessary for our salvation – the fruit of the sacramental life is that the Sprit of adoption makes the faithful partakers of the divine nature (CCC 1129)The sacraments convey grace and are integral to our sanctification – a key part of our ongoing conversion to ChristSacraments communicate a participation in God’s life and help us grow in love of God and neighbor.
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Slide5What are sacraments?
Three Sacraments of Initiation:BaptismConfirmation provide the foundation for Christian lifeEucharist Two Sacraments of Service: Marriage and Holy OrdersTwo Sacraments of Healing: Penance and Reconciliation and Anointing the Sick and the Dying
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Slide6The sacrament of Baptism
Immersion or bath – immersion = sign of death and rising to new life in Christ Col 2:12 “You were buried with him in baptism, in which you were also raised with him through faith in the power of God, who raised him from the dead.”Bathing = cleansing from ALL sin, purification Baptism = gateway to the Christian life – open the door to Christ and close the door to sinFirst Sacrament of Initiation and includes various sacramentals including water, oil, blessings, candle, white garment, and exorcism prayers
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Slide7The sacrament of baptism
Baptism prefigured in the Old Testament and fulfilled by Jesus: Noah and his family were saved from death by water in the ark (Gen 7:1-8:19)The Israelites were saved from Pharaoh by God’s miraculous parting of the waters (Ex 14:10-30)Joshua led the Israelites into the Promised Land by parting the waters of the Jordan River (Joshua 3: 7-17)Baptism instituted by ChristJesus Himself was baptized at the start of His public ministry – the waters did not purify Him, rather He purified the water for eternity. Jesus did not need to be baptized. He was without sin, but demonstrated solidarity with humans to reconcile them with the Father. Jesus requires baptism: Mt 28:19-20
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Slide8The sacrament of baptism
Baptismal rite includes:Pouring of water or immersion three times with these words: “I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.”Anointing with Sacred Chrism – signifies the Holy SpiritReceiving the white garment and the candle – signifies new life & being a new light to the worldNormally done by priest or deacon but anyone can baptize in times of necessity with the required intention, water, and the Trinitarian formula (See Mt 28:19-20)Once in lifetime experience with renewal of baptismal promises
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Slide9The Sacrament of Baptism
The effects of baptism include an abundance of grace:Forgiveness of ALL sins – original sin and personal sin = new life We become adopted children of GodWe are initiated into the Church and bonded to other Christians We receive the baptismal character – sealed with indelible mark signifying that we belong to Christ. This mark is indelible – no sin can remove it, but sin can prevent us from receiving the fruit of salvation.
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Slide10The Sacrament of confirmation
Necessary to complete baptismal grace by binding the baptized more perfectly to the Church and enriching them with a special strength of the Holy Spirit (CCC 1285)The baptized becomes sealed with the Holy Spirit and strengthened for service to the Body of ChristThe baptized has a greater obligation to faithfulness in defending the Church and evangelizing others to bring them to Christ Jesus imparted the Holy Spirit on His disciples (Jn: 20:22)The Holy Spirit came upon the disciples at Pentecost inspiring them to proclaim and baptize – 3,000 converts that day (Acts 2)
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Slide11The sacrament of confirmation
Confirmation was prefigured in the Old Testament and fulfilled by JesusLaying on of hands and anointing were signs of appointment to special officesNm 27:23: Joshua is anointed as Moses’ successorLv 21:10: the anointing of Levitical priests1 Sam 10:1: Samuel anoints Saul as king1 Sam 16:13: Samuel anoint David king after Saul’s disobedienceIs 11:2 and Daniel 9:25: prophesy of the anointed MessiahJesus fulfilled the prophesy and was anointed at His baptism by the Holy Spirit who descended on Him in the form of a dove (Mt 3:16-17, Mk 1:10-11)The Rite of Confirmation includes:The imposition (laying on) of hands and anointing with Sacred ChrismPrayer to be sealed with the Holy Spirit and intercession of the Saints
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Slide12The sacrament of confirmation
The effects of the Sacrament (CCC 1303): An indelible spiritual mark on the soul. Like baptism, is only given onceThe grace given at baptism is matured, increased, and made deeperWe become more fully children of God, more firmly united and configured to ChristOur bond to the Church is perfected and we become her defendersThe gifts of the Holy Spirit are strengthened and perfected - wisdom, understanding, knowledge, counsel, fortitude, piety, fear (reverent awe) of the Lord (Is 11:1-3) We are strengthened against sin and the fruits of the Holy Spirit are strengthened We are strengthened for Christ’s mission – to evangelize and defend the faith Confirmations are done primarily by the Bishop and in some instances by a priest
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Slide13The sacrament of eucharist
The Eucharist is truly the body, blood, soul, and divinity of Jesus – the Father’s ultimate gift of love. We must eat His flesh and drink His blood if we are to live forever. In receiving the Eucharist, believers come into intimate union with their Lord and Savior The Eucharist is our spiritual food that sustains us and strengthens us to live a Christian life The Eucharist was prefigured in the Old Testament and fulfilled by Jesus Ex 12:1-20: the Passover lambEx 16:2-16: feeding the Israelites with manna from heaven
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Slide14The sacrament of the eucharist
Fulfillment by Jesus:Jn 6:25-58: the Bread of Life Discourse – we must eat His flesh and drink His blood to have everlasting lifeThis is NOT symbolic – most of Jesus’ disciples deserted Him afterwards and He did not stop them from leaving. The Israelites found this very objectionable. Examine the context – nothing indicates this was a parable or symbolic, the Greek verb “trogo” eat means to gnaw slowly. Consider 1 Cor 11:27: “Whoever, therefore, eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of profaning the body and blood do the Lord.” This is a direct reference to Jesus’ actual body – not a symbolic reference to the Body of Christ
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Slide15The sacrament of the eucharist
Jesus instituted the Eucharist at the Last Supper (Mt 26:26-28, Mk 14:22-24, Lk 22:17-20) Jesus commanded His disciples to celebrate the Eucharist as a memorial to HimHow this happens:The priest, in persona Christi, calls upon the power of the Holy Spirit and says the words of consecration: “this is my body” and ”this is my blood.” The substance (bread and wine) remain the same but the accidents, i.e., its true essence or nature, changes to the Body and Blood of Jesus (Consider that water remains water even though it becomes steam or ice)Called “transubstantiation” - the substance is literally transformed by the power of the Holy SpiritThis is not consubstantiation where the body and blood of Jesus coexist with bread and wine
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Slide16The Sacrament of eucharist
Jesus is entirely present in both the consecrated bread and wine – His is present in each fragment and each drop Liturgy is re-presentation of the original Paschal sacrifice The Eucharist is the same Jesus who gave His body and blood on the cross, ever present to the Father as the perfect lamb of sacrifice slain for our sins Christ is not sacrificed again at Mass, we participate in the one sacrifice at Calvary that is ever-present in eternity, made present to us in time through the priest and the power of the Holy Spirit (Kairos = time altered by grace) The Eucharist is the highest form of sacrifice, praise, and thanksgiving to the FatherThe Eucharist is a foretaste of heaven and is to be worshipped
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Slide17The sacrament of the eucharist
The sanctifying effects of receiving the Eucharist include:Becoming more closely unite with ChristBeing transformed in Him by receiving HimGrace within us is increased – the Eucharist is our spiritual nourishmentOur venial sins are forgiven and we are helped to avoid future sinsOur love of God and others is strengthened and we are more committed to those in need
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Slide18The sacrament of penance and reconciliation
Sin separates us from God and deeply affects our souls. Through this sacrament, Jesus gives us hope in our call to holiness by forgiving our sins and restoring us to intimacy with Him. Reconciliation is prefigured in the Old Testament and fulfilled by Jesus:Lam 3:22-23 – steadfast love of God, mercy that never ends, hope in the LordNum. 5:6-7 – shows the historical practice of publicly confessing sins, and making public restitution. (Also in Neh 9:2-3)2 Sam. 12:14 – even though the sin is forgiven, there is punishment due for the forgiven sin. David is forgiven but his child was still taken (the consequence of his sin).
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Slide19The sacrament of penance and reconciliation
Matt. 9:4-7; Mark 2:10, Luke 5:24 – Jesus demonstrates authority to forgive sins on earth when He healed the paralytic man.Matt. 18:18 – the apostles are given authority to bind and loose. Jesus also empowers the Apostles to forgive sins in Jn 20:22-23.This authority, through Apostolic succession, is given to priests today, who are in persona Christi.Reconciliation is a repeatable sacrament of healingThe sacrament includes: The penitent’s contrition and confession of their sin with the right intentionThe priest’s prayer of absolution
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Slide20The sacrament of penance and reconciliation
Prior to confessing sins, the penitent conducts a thorough examination of conscience Perfect contrition: contrition that arises because of the love of God alone Imperfect contrition: contrition from fear of eternal punishmentGrave, serious, or mortal sins must be confessed in kind and number – mortal sin turns us away from GodConfession of venial sins is not required but strongly recommended. Venial sin allows charity to subsist, but offends and wounds it (CCC 1855).
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Slide21The sacrament of penance and reconciliation
Receiving absolution sets us free from sin through the power Christ passed on to the ChurchAbsolution takes away sin but does not remedy the disorders that sin causedPenance provides satisfaction or makes amends for our sinsPenance is integral to our ongoing conversion and a life of holinessEffect of the sacrament:Sins are forgiven so the soul returns to a state of graceReconciliation with God and His ChurchGrowth in holiness through the sanctifying grace of the sacramentStrengthened against concupiscence (the desire to sin)
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Slide22The sacrament of anointing the sick
Anointing of the sick strengthens those who are ill or dying. The sacrament calls Christians to accept and welcome suffering in faith as essential to their growth in sanctity and to the Body of ChristPrefigured in the Old Testament and fulfilled by Jesus:God promises health to the Israelites if they obey His commandments (Ex 15:25-26)Prayer, repentance, and the care of physicians will heal you when sick (Sir 38:1-14)The suffering servant prophesy: He has born our grief and carried our sorrows. His suffering heals us. (Is 52:13-53:12)Jesus commissions the apostles who anoint the sick with oil and heal them (Mk 6:7-13)Jesus lays hands on the sick and heals them (Lk 4:40)We are children of God & fellow-heirs with Christ, if we suffer with Him (Rom 8:15-17)
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Slide23The sacrament of anointing the sick
Jesus is the divine physician who came to heal sinners (Mk 2:17), the blind, deaf, sick and afflicted (Lk 4:16-21, Jn 9:1-41)The anointing of the sick is not restricted to those near deathGiven to one who is in danger of death from sickness or old age – serious illnessMay be repeated if the person’s condition worsensAnointing can be done before surgeryAdministered by a priest or bishop, laying on of hands, anointing with blessed Oil of the Sick on the forehead and handsAlso included are the Sacraments of penance and Eucharist (viaticum for the journey home) Apostolic Pardon - full pardon and remission of sins for those preparing to die
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Slide24The sacrament of anointing the sick
The effects of anointing the sick:The hoped for effect: God willing, the person is physically healedEven if no physical healing, the primary effect is spiritual healing – the gift of peace and courage to deal with the difficulties of a serious illnessConsecrates the person to Jesus’ sufferingConfers sanctifying grace – strengthening, courage, healing of the soul and body Redemptive sufferingSin and sickness cause spiritual, physical, and emotional disturbance that can lead to sorrow, bitterness, and discouragement.Jesus did not come to banish suffering. Rather, He gave it meaning and invested it with redemptive power.Through redemptive suffering we are given the dignity to share in Jesus’ suffering for the sake of the Church.
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Slide25The sacrament of anointing the sick
Suffering is necessary for:Purification (Wis 3:1-7)For holiness Is a primary tool of the Holy Spirit to configure us to Christ (1 Pet 4:1-2)By performing corporal and spiritual works of mercy, we imitate Jesus the healer, and become more fully transformed in him by the power of the Holy Spirit“Is anyone among you sick? He should summon the presbyters of the church, and they should pray over him and anoint him with oil in the name of the Lord, and the prayer of faith will save the sick person, and the Lord will raise him up. If he has committed any sins, he will be forgiven. (Jas 5:14-15)
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Slide26The sacrament of holy orders
The ministerial priesthood shares in Christ’s priesthood through the Sacrament of Holy OrdersThis sacrament is primarily directed toward the salvation of others. Recipients grow in holiness though their service to others. Prefigured in the Old Testament and fulfilled by Jesus:Melchizedek offers bread and wine as thanksgiving (Gen 14:18-20)We need a mediator with God to make reconciliation possible (Ex 19:9-24)God the Father sent His Son as our savior and mediator (1 Tim 2:5)Jesus is THE high priest and our mediator (Heb 4:14-16) Jesus instituted the priesthood at the Last Supper when He instituted the Eucharist
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Slide27The sacrament of Holy orders
Apostolic successionJesus gave His authority to His apostles (Mt 16:13-19, Lk 10:16)Peter recognizes that the office of apostles must be carried on and, under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, they selected Methias to replace Judas (Act 1: 15-26)The apostles in turn pass on their authority to others called bishops (1 Tim 4:14)The sacrament is administered by bishops and includesLaying on of hands on the head of the ordained Prayer asking for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit and his gifts proper to the ministryMakes an indelible spiritual mark on the recipientOnly baptized men may be ordained as priests or deacons Jesus and the apostles were menMary held a special place of honor, but she never became one of the twelve Priests act in person Christi and therefore take on the role of Jesus – priests are icons of ChristPriest reflect Christ the Bridegroom of the Church
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Slide28The sacrament of holy orders
The priesthood normally includes vows of celibacy which enables them to be totally committed to the Church’s mission – sacrificing their life for the salvation of soulsThree degrees of Holy Orders:Deacons: proclaim the Gospel, preach, celebrate Baptisms, Matrimony, funeralsPriest do all that Deacons do and, in persona Christi, consecrate the Eucharist during Mass, absolve sins (reconciliation) anoint the sick, and in certain circumstances, confirmation Bishops can confer all the sacraments – they are successors of the apostles
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Slide29The sacrament of matrimony
God is the author of marriage and this vocation is written in the very nature of men and women because they are created in His image and likeness.Matrimony is called to reflect the self-donating love (kenotic love) of the inner life of the Trinity and Christ’s nuptial relationship with His Church. Marriage is not a purely human institution. Prefigured in the Old Testament and fulfilled by Jesus:God creates man and women and commands them to be fruitful and multiply (Gen 1:26-28)God creates women to be partners and helpmates to men, equal because of the same flesh and bone, and establishes the primacy of marriage (Gen 2:18-24)God is Israel’s husband and steadfastly faithful to her (Is 54:1-14)God intends for his people to be united to Him in a spousal relationship of total intimacy (Hos 2:14-20)
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Slide30The sacrament of matrimony
Jesus attends a wedding at Cana and sanctifies marriage (Jn 2:1-10)Husbands and wives are to be subject to each other; they reflect the mystery of Jesus the Bridegroom and His bride, the Church (Eph 5:21-33)The purpose of the sacrament of matrimony is to strengthen and consecrate the marriageGod is the transcendent third in the marriage relationshipMatrimony is a sacrament of service – to each other, their family, and the ChurchMatrimony requires free and unconditional consent before the Church who intend an indissoluble union, completely faithful, and open to new lifeA sacramental marriage becomes indissoluble once it is consummatedAnnulments determine that a marriage was attempted but did not occur before God
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Slide31The sacrament of matrimony
The spouses are ministers of the Sacrament of MatrimonyThey mutually confer upon each other Christ’s grace by expressing their consent before the ChurchEffects of the Sacrament:The bond between the spouses is strengthenedGrace perfects the love of the husband and wife, binding them together in fidelity, and helps them to welcome children.Christ is the source of this graceHe works through the power of the Holy Spirit to strengthen their covenant promises, to bear each other’s burdens with forgiveness and kindness, Marriage is a foretaste of the wedding feast of the Lamb
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Slide32The Liturgy
Mass comes from the Latin word Missio – to go forth – to be the hands and feet of ChristThe Mass is a form of worship where we proclaim God’s greatness & our need for HimTo adore God is to acknowledge Him as Creator, Savior, Lord & Master of everything that existsTo acknowledge that God is love and His love and mercy is infiniteTo adore God is to humble yourselfIn the Mass, Jesus Himself comes to meet us in a unique wayJesus presents Himself to the Father on our behalf in the form of bread and wine
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Slide33The Liturgy
Liturgy is the official worship of the Church on behalf of the faithful“In Christian tradition it [liturgy] means the participation of people of God in the work of God.” (CCC 1069)The liturgy is a foretaste of heavenIn the liturgy we are united to the continual worship of God in Heaven (CCC 1326)
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Slide34The Liturgy
Justin Martyr, around 155 AD, in his first apology, wrote:All Christians who dwell in city or country gather togetherMemoirs of the apostles and the writings of the prophets are readThe presider admonishes & challenges them to imitate these beautiful thingsWe all rise together and offer prayers for ourselves and others so that we may be found righteous by our life and actionsWe exchange the kiss [of peace]Bread and wine are brought to the presider [see Genesis 14:18 - 20]The presider takes them [bread & wine] and offers praise and glory to the Father, through the name of the Son and of the Holy Spirit and for a considerable time gives thanksWhen the presider had concluded all present say “Amen.”The deacons give the “eucharisted” bread, wine and water to those present and take it to those absent
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Slide35The Liturgy
Why do we have the Mass/liturgy?The liturgy enables us to access the Pascal Mystery – Christ’s Passion, death & ResurrectionThis is the central event in human history – when Jesus redeemed the worldAnamnesis – “remembrance” but so much more than a fond recollection of the pastPrepares the Church to encounter GodRecalls the savings acts of God in historyMakes these historical events present to us in faith
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Slide36The Liturgy
When does the Mass take place?Time:God created time on the 1st day – Genesis 1:1 – creation of light & darkness = day and night - the key event we use to track timeGod Himself is outside of time3 Persons of the Blessed Trinity existed ”for all ages” 2 Peter 3:8 “with the Lord one day is a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day.”Ps 102:12, 25-27 “But You O Lord, are enthroned for ever …” “Of old you laid the foundation of the earth, and the heavens are the work of your hands. They will perish, but you enure ... You are the same, and your years have no end.”
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Slide37The Liturgy
Isaiah 57:15 refers to God as “... the high and lofty One who inhabits eternity ...”Ps 93:2 “... your throne is established from of old; you are everlasting.”Heb 13:8 “Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and for ever.”Chronos – chronology = 1 thing after another – typical Western concept of timeKairos – time altered by grace – the Mass is kairos The Liturgy is a “trans-temporal” event – it is our participation in eternity, our participation in Jesus’ Passover (see CCC 1139, 1165, 1326) when we access the Pascal Mystery
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Slide38The Liturgy
Where does the Mass take place?When we re-access the Pascal Mystery, we make the past present (anamnesis) & our Liturgy is joined by the heavenly Liturgy Holy, Holy, Holy … Nativity Church joins heaven in worship Priest: “lift up your hearts” Congregation: “we lift them up to the Lord”Sacrosanctum Concilium – the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy paragraph 8“In the earthly liturgy, we take part in a foretaste of heavenly liturgy which is celebrated in the holy city of Jerusalem toward which we journey as pilgrims.” Therefore, the Mass is a “trans-spacial” event
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Slide39The Liturgy
Re-presentation of the Pascal Mystery:The Eucharist is a re-presentation (NOT a representation) of the event itself (anamnesis)The sacrament transcends historyGen 14:18-19 – Melchizdek blessed Abram and brought out bread and wineThe Last Supper in the upper room when Jesus instituted the Eucharist (Mt 26:26-29, Mk 14:22-25, Lk 22:14-20)Epiclesis – calling down of the Holy Spirit makes the mystery of Christ present and unites the Church into the life and mission of Christ (see CCC 1105-1108)Through His flesh, we are joined mystically to Jesus’ self-offering
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Slide40The Liturgy
The Mass is: where Heaven meets Earth where the past becomes present where time is infused by grace where our worship joins heavenly worship where we encounter Jesus in a personal and profound way through the Eucharist where we experience a foretaste of heaven
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