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Topic 14 - PowerPoint Presentation

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Topic 14 - PPT Presentation

Nationalism and the spread of Democracy Revolutions Sweep Europe Topic 141 Clash of Ideologies Ideologies system of thought and belief LIBERALS CONSERVATIVES Ideas appealed to middle class of educated business people and professionals ID: 570613

louis people independence napoleon people louis napoleon independence throne france government liberals born french abdicated goals class constitution topic

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Topic 14

Nationalism and the spread of DemocracySlide2

Revolutions Sweep Europe

Topic 14.1Slide3

Clash of Ideologies

Ideologies: system of thought and belief

LIBERALS

CONSERVATIVES

Ideas

appealed to middle class of educated business people and professionals

Ideas appealed to royalty

, nobility, church leaders, and uneducated peasants

GOALS:

Governments

based on written constitutions

Separation of powers

Natural rights of individuals

(liberty, equality, and property)

Republican form of government

Laissezfaire

economics

Revolution, if necessary, to achieve goals

GOALS:

Royal families on their

thrones

Traditional social hierarchy

Authority of established churches

Respect and obedience to authority

Stability and order

Suppression of revolutions

Opposed freedom of the press (Prince Metternich, Austrian politician)Slide4

Rebellions Erupt in Eastern Europe

Serbia Gains Independence: gradually Serbia gained a degree of autonomy (self-rule) within the Ottoman empire

Greeks Revolt Against Ottoman Rule: long bloody wars will finally grant independence in the late 1820s for some Greek provinces and by 1830 gaining total independence provided the Greeks accept a German prince as their king (Otto von

Wittelsbach

)

Spain, Portugal, and several Italian States demanded constitutional governments. Although troops were able to dampen the fires of liberalism and nationalism they could not smother them, in the next decades the sparks would flare anew.Slide5

Revolutions of 1830 and 1848

The Congress of Vienna had restored Louis XVIII to the French throne. He issued a constitution, the Charter of French Liberties. The “ultras” despised the constitution.

When Louis XVIII died, Charles X inherited the throne; he suspended the legislature, limited the right to vote, and restricted the press(absolutism). The citizens in Paris threw up barricades and fired on the soldiers, pelted them with stones and roof tiles, within days, rebels controlled Paris. Charles X abdicated (renounce one’s throne) and fled to England.Slide6

“Citizen King”

Once Charles X abdicated, the Liberals insisted on a constitutional monarchy and chose Louis Philippe as king.

He owed his throne to the people

Under his rule, the upper bourgeoisie prospered

Extended suffrage to France’s wealthier citizens

His other policies favored the middle class at the expense of the workers

Louis PhilippeSlide7

The Revolution of 1848 in France

By the 1840s, discontent in France was again reaching a boiling point.

Industrial Revolution was changing life in France, especially in the cities

Radicals still wanted a republic

Utopian socialists called for an end to private ownership of property

Liberals denounced Louis Philippe’s government for corruption

Discontent grew when a recession hit FranceSlide8

Unrest and Revolt

“February Days”

Feb 1848

Government prevents public meetings

People hit the streets: overturned carts, paving stones, and toppled trees blocked the streets

Men and women behind the barricades sang revolutionary anthem

Louis Philippe abdicated; the people proclaimed the Second Republic

“June Days”

In June, upper- and middle-class interests had won control of the government

They saw the national workshops as a waste of money and shut them down.

Furious workers again took to the streets of Paris however this time the bourgeois liberals turned violently against the protesters

At least 1,500 people were killed before the government crushed the rebellionSlide9

Napoleon III

By the end of 1848, the National Assembly issued a constitution for the Second Republic; it created a strong president and a one-house legislature

Also, gave the vote to all adult men

Louis Napoleon, nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, had an overwhelming win

By 1852, he proclaimed himself emperor, taking the title Napoleon III, thus ending the Second Republic

Brought rapid economic growth however in time his foreign adventures would bring down his empire and end French leadership in Europe.

Louis NapoleonSlide10

Latin American Nations Win Independence

Topic 14.2Slide11

Fewest People

Most Power

PENINSULARES:

People born in Spain who dominated political and social life

CREOLES:

People who descended from European families and owned the haciendas, ranches, and mines

MESTIZOS:

People born of Native American and European descent

MULATTOES:

People born of African and European descent

NATIVE AMERICANS AND SLAVES

Most People

Least Power