WALT Retell information about the Gold Rush and how it began WILF That you can explain key events from the Gold Rush was and use key words to recall specific details The Discovery of Gold ID: 735775
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Slide1
Gold in AustraliaSlide2
The Gold Rush
W.A.L.T
Retell information about the Gold Rush and how it began.
W.I.L.F
That you can explain key events from the Gold Rush was and use key words to recall specific details.Slide3
The Discovery of Gold!!!!!
When gold was found in Australia people came from far away in search of gold and a better life. This is called the
Gold Rush.
At this time Australia was not yet a nation, but still a number of separate British colonies. Gold was found in many places. The gold rush had a huge effect on the Australian economy and our development as a nation.
Slide4
Thousands of people came to Australia in the hope of finding a lot of gold and becoming rich. It was a hard life digging for gold. Some people found nuggets, some became rich, many found nothing.
Cradling.
Took 4 men to use this method
Fossicking.
means picking, prying, or examining minutely
Tin washing.
The pan is swished around to break apart the dirt.
Nuggeting
.
Holes about 6 feet apart are made and miners tunnel until they meet the other hole.Slide5
In February of 1851, Edward Hargraves discovered a 'grain of gold' in a waterhole near Bathurst in NSW.
This soon became a mine. The mine was called Ophir after a city of gold in the Bible.Slide6
Gold frenzy
Word spread fast and by June there were over 1000 people prospecting for gold.
Gold fever gripped the nation and the colonial authorities responded by appointing 'Commissioners of Land' to regulate the diggings and collect licence fees for each 'claim'.Slide7
Copy into your books
When gold was found in Australia people came from far away in search of gold and a better life. This is called the
Gold Rush.
At this time Australia was not yet a nation, but still a number of separate British colonies. Gold was found in many places. The gold rush had a huge effect on the Australian economy and our development as a nation.
Thousands of people came to Australia in the hope of finding a lot of gold and becoming rich. It was a hard life digging for gold. Some people found nuggets, some became rich, many found nothing.
In February of 1851, Edward Hargraves discovered a 'grain of gold' in a waterhole near Bathurst in NSW. This soon became a mine. The mine was called Ophir after a city of gold in the Bible. Word spread fast and by June there were over 1000 people prospecting for gold at Ophir. The Gold Rush had begun!
Early finishers: Think of 3 things you would like to
find out
about the Gold Rush and write them
in your book
Slide8
Think – Pair – Share
3 Things from last weeks lesson on the Gold Rush
http://www.scootle.edu.au/ec/viewing/L702/index.htmlSlide9
Timeline of Gold Discovery
http://www.sbs.com.au/gold/GOLD_MAP.htmlSlide10
Life on the Goldfields
LI:
Discovering what life was like at the goldfields.
S.C
Describe the experiences and how life was difficult for settlers in the goldfields.Slide11
Life on the Goldfields
The space where someone was digging was called a ‘claim’.
The miners had to work on their ‘claim’ every day, except Sunday.
Taking someone else's claim was called ‘claim jumping’Slide12
At the diggings, the gullies were filled with claims and higher ground became campsites.
Tents were made of canvas draped over a tree branchSlide13
Later, people made more secure huts made from timber and bark called ‘Miners Humpy’s’ or a ‘Bark Gunya’.Slide14
As miners became settlers, they built settlers huts using wattle trees, mud and a tin roof.
A Wattle and Daub construction.Slide15
Stores and traders soon came to settlements, such as:
Butchers
General store
Blacksmith
Miners officeSlide16
Life was hard but miners still got to have some fun.
Church services, picnics and dances were often held on Sundays.
Church services, picnics and dances were often held on Sundays.Slide17
Chinese people on the goldfieldsSlide18
Chinese people on the Goldfields
LI:
Discover what life was like for Chinese people on the Goldfields (their experiences)
SC:
Explain how racism affected Chinese people on the Goldfields during the Gold Rush.Slide19
Nationalities on the Goldfields
People came from far and wide to strike it rich in the Goldfields. People from, Germany, England, Ireland , France and America. Most people stayed with their country folk, but lived and worked alongside each other in a friendly way.Slide20
Chinese Migrants
At the time that news about the Australian gold rush reached China in 1853, the country had been suffering from years of war and famine. Chinese migrants had a journey of several months in a cramped ship to reach Australia, leaving behind their family and friends.
The Chinese had travelled a long way to reach the diggings. Many had initially landed in Robe, in South Australia and then made the long trek on foot to the goldfields of Victoria or New South Wales.
Unlike the majority of immigrants who came seeking their fortune on the goldfields, the Chinese were greeted with fear and suspicion from the European miners.
In 1861, Chinese immigrants made up 3.3 per cent of the Australian population, the greatest it has ever been. These Chinese were nearly all men (38,337 men and only eleven women!) Between 1852 and 1889, there were 40,721 arrivals and 36,049 departures.
Unlike most European diggers who came to make a new life for themselves and their families, the Chinese miners did not intend to stay in Australia. Many had been sent by wealthy merchants, who paid for their passage to Australia. In return the miners would return to China and give the gold to the merchants.Slide21
Why were they different?
They looked different
They wore baggy pants and a large ‘coolie’ hat
Many men had pigtails.
They worked different
They arrived in well organised communities and kept to themselves.
They travelled to the diggings in groups and were led by a head man.Slide22
Cultural differences
Most Chinese were devout Buddhists or Taoists.
Their different dress, manners and attitudes clashed severely with European ideas of what was `normal'.Slide23
They worked differently
The Chinese carried their loads on long bamboo poles
They worked in large groups, sometimes up to 100 at a time
Chinese miners reworked old abandoned claims to rewash whole gullies, this is called “paddocking”
The Chinese would create a round mineshaft, which frequently produced greater rewards. It is thought that they built round mineshafts to combat their superstition that evil spirits lurked in corners.Slide24Slide25
How were the Chinese miners treated?
Racism and hatred was a huge issue on the goldfields. Europeans did not like how the Chinese were different.
Local miners forced the Chinese off their diggings, burnt their camps, injured and even killed the Chinese.
Europeans cut of the Chinese men's pony tails (queue) Slide26
How were the Chinese different from the European migrants?Slide27
Children on the GoldfieldsSlide28
Life of a child on the diggings.
Many children went to the goldfields with their parents and by December 1852 there were almost 12000 children on the Victorian diggings. Most of them spent their childhood helping their parents search for gold.
Slide29
Life was harsh for children too.
Chores
fetching and carrying of water from the well or river.
Washing the dishes,
assisting with the weekly laundry wash,
gathering wood,
feed the hens and gather the eggs and milk the cow.
Girls were taught to knit and sew, wash and iron clothes, cook and clean and make beds as well as mother their younger brothers and sister.
Boys were taught to chop and saw wood, tend the animals and get involved with all construction and farm work.Slide30
Education
Educated people on the diggings would hold classes for the children in return for payment for their tuition. Classes might be held in the teacher's tent, or more often, in the open under a shady tree. Later, religious groups would set up schools. The fees were very small, but some miners could not afford it and wanted their children to help them look for gold. In 1880, it became compulsory for children to attend school 140 days per year. Slide31
School Life
No uniforms, but neat and tidy clothes and good hygiene. Children given hand inspections.
Most important subjects were reading, writing and arithmetic. Some geography and history was taught as well.
Used a stick in the dirt to practise writing and then paper and ink.
Children moved around a lot so getting a good education was hardSlide32
Games on the Goldfields
There was still some time to play!
Skipping
Quoits
Hopscotch
Tug of war
MarblesKnucklebones
Ball games (balls made of string and newspaper)Slide33
Women in the Goldfields: A lonely place
An 1854 census of the Ballarat goldfields found there were 4023 women compared to 12,660 men living on the diggings and only 5 percent of these women were single.
For many, one of the hardest things to bear was loneliness. If they had been brought to the diggings by their husbands, they were inevitably forced to spend many hours alone while their husbands worked to seek their fortune. Slide34
Dangers and Difficulties on the Goldfields: Women’s experiences
Women would frequently spend most of their time alone and have to face a range of dangers including snakes, illness and assault. The goldfields were not considered an appropriate place for a respectable lady and so women on the goldfields were often the subject of disapproval.
For many women of childbearing age, the prospect of pregnancy and childbirth was always a concern. At the time there were no medical support systems in place. A woman giving birth had to either depend upon the support of other women, or else go through the process alone. It is not surprising that many women died giving birth on the goldfields.Slide35
A woman’s work was never done! Women’s contributions
Most women stayed behind while their husbands left to seek fortune. As conditions on the goldfields improved, many women and children joined their husbands/fathers.
Far from being a hindrance to the miners, women soon became an integral part of the goldfields culture, creating an atmosphere of domesticity. They cooked, cleaned and washed and ironed. Some also joined in on the diggings and frequently assisted their husbands in panning for gold.Slide36
Business women
Some saw their situation as an opportunity for enterprise. Martha
Glendinning
was the wife of a successful London doctor. George
Glendinning
decided to make the trek to Australia in 1852, to seek his fortune on the goldfields of Ballarat. He brought Martha with him, but left her in Melbourne. Not content to be left behind, Martha and her sister made the 95 mile trek to Ballarat alone. They arrived at the goldfields bringing with them an array of useful goods.
At first the women were ridiculed by their husbands when they decided to open up a small store, selling blankets, flour, sugar, jam, bottled fruit, candles and other necessities. Their store soon caught on and within a year or so they were doing a brisk business, catering for the needs of diggers and their families on the goldfields. Their business was also unusual in that it did not resort to selling `sly grog', a common method of income for women on the goldfields.Slide37
Entertainers
Another source of income for the talented was entertainment. Many women made a name for themselves as entertainers on the goldfields. They could gain considerable fame and income as singers or dancers. Sometimes these women were part of travelling shows that frequently visited the goldfields to entertain the miners.