Lecture Slides Essentials of Sociology Seventh Edition Anthony Giddens Mitchell Duneier Richard P Appelbaum Deborah Carr Copyright 2019 W W Norton amp Company Chapter 9 Gender Inequality Copyright 2019 W W Norton amp Company ID: 768014
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Lecture SlidesEssentials of SociologySeventh Edition Anthony GiddensMitchell DuneierRichard P. AppelbaumDeborah Carr Copyright © 2019 W. W. Norton & Company
Chapter 9Gender Inequality Copyright © 2019 W. W. Norton & CompanyEssentials of Sociology
Introduction to the Big Questions
Big Question #1 Are gender differences due to nature, nurture, or both?Evaluate the extent to which differences between women and men are the result of biological factors or social and cultural influences.Understand the concept of the gender binary, and learn what it means to identify as nonbinary.
Big Question #2 How do gender inequalities play out in social institutions?Recognize that gender differences are a part of our social structure and create inequalities between women and men.Learn the forms these inequalities take in social institutions such as the workplace, the family, the educational system, and the political system in the United States and globally.
Big Question #3 Why are women the target of violence?Learn about the specific ways that women are the target of physical and sexual violence in the United States and globally.
Big Question #4 How does social theory explain gender inequality?Think about various explanations for gender inequality.Learn some feminist theories about how to achieve gender equality.
Big Question #5 How can we reduce gender-based aggression?Learn how women and men are challenging sexism and sexual violence in the workplace and on college campuses.
Are Gender Differences Due to Nature, Nurture, or Both? Slide 1 of 9 Gender binaryThe classification of sex and gender into two discrete, opposite, and nonoverlapping forms of masculine and feminine NonbinaryA gender identity that does not fit squarely into the male-female gender binary classification
Are Gender Differences Due to Nature, Nurture, or Both?Slide 2 of 9 SexThe biological and anatomical differences distinguishing females from malesGenderSocial expectations about behavior regarded as appropriate for the members of each sex
Are Gender Differences Due to Nature, Nurture, or Both?Slide 3 of 9 The Role of BiologyBiological essentialismThe view that differences between men and women are natural and inevitable consequences of the intrinsic biological natures of men and women
Are Gender Differences Due to Nature, Nurture, or Both?Slide 4 of 9 Gender SocializationThe learning of gender roles through social factors, such as schooling, peers, the media, and family
Are Gender Differences Due to Nature, Nurture, or Both?Slide 5 of 9 Cross-Cultural and Historical Findings
Are Gender Differences Due to Nature, Nurture, or Both?Slide 6 of 9 Cross-Cultural and Historical FindingsNew GuineaThe !KungThe Bacha Posh in AfghanistanBlurring the boundaries between the genders
Are Gender Differences Due to Nature, Nurture, or Both?Slide 7 of 9 Cross-Cultural and Historical FindingsNew GuineaThe !KungThe Bacha Posh in AfghanistanBlurring the boundaries between the genders
Are Gender Differences Due to Nature, Nurture, or Both?Slide 8 of 9 Cross-Cultural and Historical FindingsNew GuineaThe !KungThe Bacha Posh in AfghanistanBlurring the boundaries between the genders
Are Gender Differences Due to Nature, Nurture, or Both?Slide 9 of 9 Cross-Cultural and Historical FindingsNew GuineaThe !KungThe Bacha Posh in AfghanistanBlurring the boundaries between the genders
How Do Gender Inequalities Play Out in Social Institutions? Slide 1 of 13
How Do Gender Inequalities Play Out in Social Institutions? Slide 2 of 13 PatriarchyThe dominance of men over women Gender InequalityThe inequality between men and women in terms of wealth, income, and status
How Do Gender Inequalities Play Out in Social Institutions? Slide 3 of 13 EducationUnequal treatment in the classroomThe gendering of college majors
How Do Gender Inequalities Play Out in Social Institutions? Slide 4 of 13
How Do Gender Inequalities Play Out in Social Institutions? Slide 5 of 13 Women and the Workplace
How Do Gender Inequalities Play Out In Social Institutions? Slide 6 of 13 Women and the WorkplaceInequalities at work
How Do Gender Inequalities Play Out in Social Institutions? Slide 7 of 13
How Do Gender Inequalities Play Out in Social Institutions? Slide 8 of 13 Women and the WorkplaceInequalities at work The glass ceiling
How Do Gender Inequalities Play Out in Social Institutions? Slide 9 of 13 Women and the WorkplaceInequalities at work The glass ceilingSexual harassment in the workplace
How Do Gender Inequalities Play Out in Social Institutions? Slide 10 of 13 Women and the WorkplaceInequalities at work The glass ceilingSexual harassment in the workplaceEconomic inequality in global perspective
How Do Gender Inequalities Play Out in Social Institutions? Slide 11 of 13 Women and the WorkplaceThe Family and Gender Issues The “motherhood penalty”Housework and the second shift
How Do Gender Inequalities Play Out in Social Institutions? Slide 12 of 13 Women and the WorkplaceThe Family and Gender Issues The “motherhood penalty”Housework and the second shift
How Do Gender Inequalities Play Out in Social Institutions? Slide 13 of 13 Women and the WorkplaceThe Family and Gender Issues Gender Inequality in PoliticsGender and politics: global perspective
Why Are Women the Target of Violence? Slide 1 of 2
Why Are Women the Target of Violence? Slide 2 of 2 RapeThe forcing of nonconsensual vaginal, oral, or anal intercourseSexual violence against women: Evidence of “rape culture”?Rape culture: social context in which attitudes and norms perpetuate the treatment of women as sexual objects and instill in men a sense of sexual entitlement Toxic masculinity: a cluster of potentially destructive values or behaviors that have been historically part of boys’ socialization
How Does Social Theory Explain Gender Inequality? Slide 1 of 2 Functionalist Approaches
How Does Social Theory Explain Gender Inequality? Slide 2 of 2 Feminist ApproachesFeminist theoriesA sociological perspective that emphasizes the centrality of gender in analyzing the social world and particularly the experience of womenLiberal feminismForm of feminist theory that believes that gender inequality is produced by unequal access to civil rights and certain social resources, such as education and unemployment, based on sexRadical feminismForm of feminist theory that believes that gender inequality is the result of male domination in all aspects of social and economic life Black feminism and transnational feminismBlack feminismA strand of feminist theory that highlights the multiple disadvantages of gender, class, and race that shape the experiences of nonwhite womenTransnational feminismA branch of feminist theory that highlights the way that global processes, including colonialism, racism, and imperialism, shape gender relations and hierarchies
How Can We Reduce Gender-Based Aggression?
Globalization by the Numbers: Gender Inequality
Digital Life: “His” and “Hers” Apps?
Credits This concludes the Lecture PowerPoint for Essentials of Sociology, 7th Edition, Chapter 9: Gender InequalityFor more resources, please visit http://digital.wwnorton.com/essentialsofsoc7 Copyright © 2019 W. W. Norton & Company
Clicker Question #1 Your friend Meghan overhears you talking about the difference between sex and gender with your classmate Roger. Confused, Meghan chimes in, saying, “Wait a minute! I thought sex and gender were the same thing!” You correct her, explaining that sex refers to the physical differences in the body, whereas gender concerns the psychological, social, and cultural differences between males and females.sex is what couples do to conceive, whereas gender is an attribute of their baby. a culture’s understanding of gender determines what types of physical intimacy constitute sex.sex concerns the psychological, social, and cultural differences between males and females, whereas gender refers to the physical differences in the body.
Clicker Question #2 What is the definition of the term patriarchy?the practice of passing down property through male lineagesocieties in which male religious leaders control the governmentsocieties in which women are legally recognized as property of their fathers or their husbands male dominance over women in a society
Clicker Question #3 From 1979 to 2017, the gender gap in earnings (women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s) hasremained the same.narrowed.widened.narrowed until 1990 and then remained the same.
Clicker Question #4 According to sociologists, why are women so often the target of sexual violence?Men are socialized into a sense of sexual entitlement and to regard women as sexual objects.Women are physically weaker than men and are unable to resist male advances.In an era of rapidly changing gender roles, males are often confused by the signals that women send them regarding their willingness to have sex. Men are unable to regulate their behavior when experiencing aroused sexual passion.
Clicker Question #5 What does it mean for men and women to “do gender”?to present ourselves as “male” or “female” through our choice of behavior and appearancethe institutionalized domination of men over womento designate occupations as male or femalethe process by which children learn about traditional conceptions of gender roles
Clicker Question #6 What is gender typing in occupations?It refers to the process of designating occupations as “male” or “female” jobs.It is the inequality between men and women in terms of wealth, income, and status. It is a promotion barrier that prevents a woman’s upward mobility within an organization.It refers to traditional conceptions of gender roles: men should be out at work providing for their families, and women should be at home looking after the children.
Discussion Question #1 What does it mean to say that gender is something we “do”? Give an example of a way that you have done gender in your daily life.What are two explanations for the stark gender segregation among college majors? How does this segregation contribute to the gender pay gap?
Discussion Question #2What is rape culture, and why is it so pervasive in contemporary society? Why are women more likely than men to be the targets of sexual violence?Contrast functionalist and feminist approaches to understanding gender inequality.