Chapter 41 Vocabulary Words Hyksos A group of nomadic invaders from Southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 BC New Kingdom The Period of ancient Egyptian history that followed the overthrow of the Hyksos rulers lasting from 15701075 BC ID: 272011
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Slide1
The Egyptian and Nubian Empires
Chapter 4:1Slide2
Vocabulary Words
Hyksos
: A group of nomadic invaders from Southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 B.C.
New Kingdom
: The Period of ancient Egyptian history that followed the overthrow of the Hyksos rulers, lasting from 1570-1075 B.C.
Nubia
: A region of African that straddled the upper Nile River.
Kush
: An ancient Nubian Kingdom whose rulers controlled Egypt between 200) and 1000 B.C.
Meroe
: Center of the Kush dynast from about 250 B.C. through 150 A.D. Slide3
Understanding Connotations
: The Word “Empire”
Empire
: Brings together several people or states under the control of one ruler.
Make a list of movies, quotations or other “
contexts
” in which you have heard the word
Empire.
What thoughts or connotations are a associated with the word
Empire?
What makes an
Empire good or bad? Slide4
Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt
Hyksos: Invaders from Southwestern Asia take control of Egypt from 1640-1570 B.C.
Hebrews Migrate to Egypt
: Abraham and his family came to the land of “Canaan”
1600 B.C. Egyptians drive out
Hyksos
rulers:
Hebrews were force into slavery
Hebrews Cross CanaanSlide5
The New Kingdom of Egypt
New Kingdom: Era Egyptian Pharaohs from 1570-1075 B.C. Used Bronze Weapons, charioteers, archers foot soldiers
Hatshepsut
: Women Pharaoh, ruled while stepson was too young to rule
Thutmose III pushed the empire into the African Kingdom of NubiaSlide6
The New Kingdom of Egypt: An Age of Builders
Pharaohs of New Kingdom erected “Grand Buildings”Temple of Amon-Re, Valley of the KingsSlide7
The Egyptian Empire Declines
Invasions by Sea: “Sea People” invade Egyptians. May have been the Philistines
Tribes in Palestine and Libya raided Egyptian outposts.
Egypt Never recovered from the
invasions
!!!
Kingdom of Kush
: Nubians take control of EgyptSlide8
The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region
Nubian Kingdom of KushNubia lays in the Middle of Africa
Traders
Cultural Diffusion with Egypt
: Learned Egyptian language, Gods, Clothing, Social Customs
King
Piankhi
: Overthrew Libyans
Short Lived, Assyrians conquered EgyptSlide9
The Golden Age of Meroe
Kushites moved south to MeroeWealth of Kush: Natural Resources helped with tradeLarger amounts of RainfallLarge developments of Iron Weapons and tools
Decline of Meroe
: Other African kingdoms began to peck at the Kushite kingdomSlide10
The Golden Age of MeroeSlide11
Main Idea Questions
How did the New Kingdom of Egypt Become so Powerful and Wealthy?
What cultural Aspects of Egyptian civilizations did the Kushites adopt?
Why was Kush able to thrive after losing Egypt to the Assyrians? Slide12
The Assyrian Empire
Chapter 4: 2Slide13
Vocabulary Words
Assyria: Southwest Asian kingdom that controlled a large empire from about 850 to 612 B.C.
Sennacherib
: Assyrian King who defeated 89 Cities 820 Villages and burned Babylon (one of the most important ancient cities) to the ground. Killed everyone!
Nebuchadnezzar
: Chaldean King who restored the ancient City of Babylon to glory. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon (
One of Seven Wonders of The Ancient World
) Slide14
A MIGHTY MILITARY MACHINE
From the Northern Part of MesopotamiaTerritory was easily invaded (flat, no natural barriers)
Constantly Fighting
Developed into “battle hardened” society due to all the constant fighting
Empire stretched from Banks of the Northern Tigris River all the way to Central Egypt
SennacheribSlide15
A Might Military Machine: Cont
Organized Military
Society Glorified Military
Developed Ironworking technology
(Weapons)
Soldiers in Stiff leather armor
Copper Helmets
Planned Military Conquests in Advance
: Pontoons for rivers, bridges
Before attacking Assyrians dug out city walls to weaken them
Waves of arrows
Battering rams (Lord of the Rings)
No Mercy!!!!! Killed or enslavedSlide16
Assyrian Military PicturesSlide17
The Assyrian Empire: Map Slide18
The Empire Expands
At the peak of the Assyrian Empire the Assyrians controlled lands ranging from Mesopotamia, southern Anatolia and into the Nile River Valley
Conquered People:
Refusal
to pay equaled exile, destroyed cities or deathSlide19
Assyrian Culture
Great reputations as warriors and as buildersNineveh: Assyria’s Capital along the Tigris River. Three miles long by One mile wide!!!!
King Ashurbanipal: Collected 20,000 clay tablets for the library at Nineveh
Government
:
A system of Governors who reported to a central authority
Epic of GilgameshSlide20
The Empire Crumbles
Power spread too thinMany enemies because of their crueltyArmies of the Medes and the Chaldeans burned Nineveh to the ground (Clay tablets hardened in the fire)
Rebirth of Babylon Under the Chaldeans
Chaldean King: Nebuchadnezzar
Hanging Gardens
One of Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
Terraces 75ft above the ground
7 tier Ziggurat 300ft high
Astronomers studied changes in the night skySlide21
Main Idea Questions: PG 98
What methods did the Assyrians use when they attack enemy cities?
What contributions to government administration and culture did the Assyrians make?
Why did the people in the region rejoice when the Assyrian Empire was defeated? Slide22
The Persian Empire
Chapter 4:3Slide23
Vocabulary
: 3 Key Vocabulary WordsCyrus: Persian King who united Persia. He conquered neighboring Kingdoms. He was known for his “methods of governing” Cyrus prevented his generals and soldiers from destroying conquered lands and he honored local customs and religions. (Jews back to homeland and forever thankful)
Satrap
: A governor of a province in the Persian Empire
Zoroaster
: A Persian Prophet who taught that the earth is a battleground where a great struggle between the spirit of good and the spirit of evil. Each person is expected to take part in this struggle. Slide24
The Rise of Persia
Persians based their empire on tolerance and diplomacy (opposite of the Assyrians)
Present day Iran
Originally Indo-Europeans who migrated south
Better Natural Resources: Copper, lead, gold, silver, etc
Dozen of mini Kingdoms
Cyrus the Great Unites The Persian Empire in 550 B.C.Slide25
The Persian EmpireSlide26
Cyrus the Great
Empire totaled over 2,000 miles
Military Genius
“Cyrus’s most enduring legacy was his method of Governing.
His kindness toward conquered peoples revealed a wise and tolerant view of Empire.”
Soldiers could not destroy or burn conquered cities
Honored local customs and religions
Jews returned to homeland (Thankful for Cyrus)Slide27
Cyrus the GreatSlide28
Persian Rule
Cyrus’s son Cambyses expanded empire into Egypt but was not respectful to Egyptian Religion
Caused wide spread rebellions
Cambyses successor
Darius
stabilized the
empire
Former
member of the Ten Thousand Immortal soldiers
Expanded empire into India “Indus River Valley”Empire now 2,500 miles long!! Slide29
Persian Rule
GovernmentRuling in far away lands
Set up regional governments (Roughly similar to the homelands of the different groups)
Satraps: A governor who ruled locally
Zoroastrianism
A Persian Prophet
“Zoroaster taught that the earth is a battle ground for the spirit of good and evil. We each have to play a part in the battle between good and evil.”
Cultural Diffusion
: Judgment day, people have free will to choose good or evil. Slide30
Construction Projects Under Darius
Royal RoadTurkey---IranIncreasedTravel, trade, money, transportation of goods/materials, TRADE, Cultural Diffusion, Communication6-7 Days
Rest stops
Horse Exchange
Canal from Mediterranean Sea to Red SeaSlide31
Main Idea Questions
How did Cyrus treat the people he conquered?
What methods and tools did Darius use to hold together his empire?
What did Zoroaster teach? What similarities does it share with other “Major Religions”Slide32
The Unification of China
Chapter 4:4 Slide33
Chapter
Vocabulary: Section 4
Confucius
: Ancient Chinese Philosopher who believed in 5 basic principles and filial piety
Filial Piety
: Respect Shown by children for their parents
Bureaucracy
: A system of departments and agencies formed to carry out the work of the government
Daoism
: A philosophy based on the ideas of the Chinese thinking
Laozi
, who taught that people should be guided by a universal force called the Dao
Legalism
: A Chinese political philosophy based on the idea that a highly efficient and powerful government is the key to social order.
Ying and Yang
: In Chinese thought, the two powers that govern the natural rhythms of life.
Autocracy
: A government in which the ruler has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary manner
I
Ching
: A Chinese book of oracles, consulted to answer ethical and practical problems
Qin Dynasty
: A short lived Chinese dynasty that replaced the Zhou Dynasty in the third century B.C.Slide34
Confucius and the Social Order
End of Zhou Dynasty signaled the end of Chinese values of “social order, harmony, respect for authority”
Confucius:
China’s most influential scholar
Deep desire to restore social order to China
Believed that that social order, harmony and good government could be
restored
in China if society organized itself around
5 basic RelationshipsSlide35
5 Basic Relationships
Ruler and Subject
Father and Son
Husband and Wife
Older Brother and younger Brother
Friend and Friend
Three of Confucius’s relationships were based on the Family
Filial Piety
:
Respect for their parents and ancestors. Slide36
ConfuciusSlide37
Confucius In Government/Beliefs
Appointed to “Minister of Justice”Crime ended overnightEducation could transform a “
humbly born person into a gentleman
” What does he mean?
Bureaucracy:
A system of departments and agencies formed to carry out the work of the government
Education was key to “advancing” in governmentSlide38
Confucianism: IS NOT A RELIGION
Repeat with Mr. EricksonConfucianism was never a religion, but it was an ethical system, a system based on what is Right and what is Wrong!!Slide39
Other Ethical Systems: Daosim
DaoismDaoists Seek Harmony with NatureChinese Thinker named Laozi Book:
Dao De Jing
(The Way of Virtue)
Universal Force called the “Dao”, meaning “the way” guides all things. Only humans fail to follow the Dao. Slide40
Legalists Urge Harsh Rule: Legalism
LegalismFounded by: Hanfeizi and Li SiCompletely different from Daoism and Confucianism
Highly efficient and powerful government was key to restoring order in society
Government should use the law to end civil disorder and restore harmony.
Believe in controlling ideas as well as actions
Why?Slide41
Chinese Ethical System
Confucianism
Daoism
Legalism
Social order, harmony and good government should be base on family relationships
The natural
order is more important than the social order
A highly efficient and powerful
government is the key to social order
Respect
for parents and elders is important to a well-ordered society
A universal force guides all things
Punishments are useful to maintain social order
Education is important both to the welfare of the individual
and to the society
Human beings should live simply and in harmony with nature
Thinkers and their ideas should strictly be controlled by the government
American
Society ?
Hippies ?
School ?Slide42
I Ching
Chinese also turned to other practices for finding answers to life’s questionsBook of Oracles: I Ching or “Yi Jing”
Readers
used the book by throwing a set of coins, and interpreting the results, and then reading the appropriate oracle or prediction
.
Offered good advice and simple common senseSlide43
Ying and Yang
Two Powers that together represented the natural rhythm of lifeYin: Cold, dark, soft and mysteriousYang: Warm bright, hard and clearSlide44
The Qin Dynasty Unifies China
Qin Dynasty replaces the Zhou Dynasty (Legalist Empire)After 20 years of ruling Qin assumed the name Shi Huangdi “First Emperor”Put down fighting throughout China, both invaders and civil disobedience
Moved 120,000 noble families
China: Now 36 Districts
Murdered thousands of Confucian ScholarsSlide45
The Qin Dynasty Unifies China
“Shi Huangdi established an Autocracy
: a government that has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary manner”
Centralization
Built 4,000 miles of roads
Set standards for writing, law, currency, weight and measures
Irrigation projects
Harsh Taxes and repressive governmentSlide46
Great Wall of China
Forced scholars to work on Great Wall of China
Close gaps in preexisting walls to discourage attacks by northern nomads
Work on Wall or Die!!!Slide47
Main Idea Questions
How did Confucius believe that social order, harmony and good government, could be restored in China?
What did the Legalist see as the key to restoring order?
What measures did Shi Huangdi take to crush political opposition at home?