Chapter 9 Section2 - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Chapter 9 Section2

The Spread of IslamSlide2

After Muhammad’s death, Islam spread beyond the Arabian Peninsula, shaping a major empire within 100 years. While the empire eventually broke into smaller parts, Islam continued to spread

.

Main Idea Slide3

Abu

Bakr: (c. 573–634) First Muslim caliph; as a close companion and successor to Muhammad, he unified the restive Bedouin tribes of central Arabia into a strong fighting force that he led into Iraq and Syria

.Caliph:"successor to the Prophet"; title given to the political and religious leader of Muslims Caliphate: area ruled by a caliph Umayyad:(661–750) first ruling dynasty over the Muslim CaliphateSunnis:"people who follow the Sunna (way of the Prophet)"; the largest branch of Islam; believers accepted the first four caliphs as rightful successors of Muhammad

Key TermsSlide4

Shia: a

branch of Islam whose adherents believe that the caliphate must go to a descendent of Muhammad— particularly a member of the family of Ali

Sufis: a branch of Islam emphasizing a personal, mystical connection with God Abbasid: dynasty that overthrew the Umayyad dynasty to rule the Muslim caliphate from 750 to 1258; for 150 years the Abbasids maintained the unity of the caliphate and Islamic culture and civilization flourished. Harun al-Rashid: (c. 766–809) Fifth Abbasid caliph (ruled 786 to 809); under his rule, the Abbasid dynasty reached its height and Islamic culture experienced a flowering.KeyTermsSlide5

After Muhammad’s death, his successors built and empire in less than ten years. Islam expanded and the empire flourished.

How did Islam evolve after Muhammad’s death?Slide6

The Caliphs were appointed successors who were leaders in the Muslim community. In the decade after Muhammad’s death, the caliphs built up Arab fighting forces and reunified Arabia.

Caliph, Abu

Bakr and his successor led their army north, conquering many neighboring empires. In just 10 years after Muhammad’s death, his followers had created an empire.Who were the caliphs, and what did they accomplish after Muhammad's death?Slide7

Who were the Sunnis and the Shia?

  There was deep conflict within the Muslim leadership. The Sunnis were for Abu Bakr and the Shia were for Ali.Slide8

I would image that they would continue to do what they do. I’m sure they would built up a string army to try to expand and prosper.

What do you think later caliphs might do with their armies?Slide9

Under

the Umayyad

caliphs, Muslim rule spread. Internal problems weakened the Umayyads,though, and led to their fall. Following the death of Husayn, the

Umayyads

strengthened

their

rule

over the caliphate

.

Steps they

took

to strengthen their

rule

included establishing

Arabic

as the official

language and

making coinage

uniform

throughout the empire.

They

also

began

the first great

work of Islamic architecture the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Armies also extended the caliphate's borders To the east, Muslim armies conquered territory all the way to the borders of China and the Indus River Valley.

What were key events of the Umayyad Dynasty?Slide10

The Muslim forces lost and this caused the empire to not be able to expand past Spain (present day France). This is probably why Islam is not as predominate in most European countries.

What was the result of the Battle of Tours?Slide11

In general

, Muslims

allowed considerable religious freedom. They allowed Christians and Jews People of the Book to practice their religion. Non-Muslims did have to pay heavy taxes and endured some restrictions on their daily lives. For example in some places

, Muslims

required

synagogues

to be built

underground

as a

symbol

of Judaism's inferior status.

How did the

Umayyads

treat the Jews and Christians they conquered?Slide12

Arab

Muslims became a ruling

class with power and privilege unavailable to those they conquered.This action conflicted with the strong Muslim ideal of equality. The wars over the succession were also deeply upsetting to many of the faithful

.

These

Muslims

were

unhappy

with the emphasis

some

placed

on political ambition

.

Why were some Muslims unhappy with the Umayyad government?Slide13

Personally I am very against violence, so I would judge it as bad. But the use of armed forced help build the caliphate and made is expand and grow to what it was.

Judge the use of armed forces in building the caliphate.Slide14

The

Abbasids relocated the

capital of the caliphate. They chose Baghdad, on the Tigris River, in what is now Iraq. In their new capital, the rulers lived in splendor. The Abbasids adopted a Persian style of government

in

which

they cut themselves

off

from the people

.

In the throne room

,

for example

,

the caliph was

hidden

behind a beautiful

screen

so that he

could not be seen

.

The Abbasids also relied

on Persian government officials. Under the Abbasid dynasty

, the nature of Islam changed also.What changes occurred under the Abbasid dynasty?Slide15

They were very just and fair rulers. They opened up Islam to everyone and encouraged people to join.

What were some characteristics of Abbasid caliphs?Slide16

Trade

was one way

that Islam spread. As Muslim trader journeyed from end to end of the caliphate, an exchange in both goods and information occurred. The exchange helped bring Islam to places such as West Africa and Southeast Asia.

How did Islam Spread to West Africa and Southeast Asia?Slide17
Slide18

The

Mongols destroyed the city

and killed the Abbasid caliph. The caliphate was finished.What led to the end of the caliphate’s unity?Slide19

The

Fatimids controlled the Mediterranean and Red seas, which disrupted Abbasid trade. As a result, the

Fatimids were soon richer and more powerful than the AbbasidsWhat allowed the Fatimids to become more powerful than the Abbasids?Slide20

Europeans( Christians)

Fatimids

Seljuk Turks Mamluks and Mongols What groups challenged the rule of the caliph?