DNA Methylation amp Cadmium Exposure in utero An Epigenetic Analysis Activity for Students This teacher slide set was created by Dana Haine MS of the UNCChapel Hill Superfund Research Program which is funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences P42ES005948 ID: 749392
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Companion PowerPoint slide set DNA Methylation & Cadmium Exposure in uteroAn Epigenetic Analysis Activity for Students
This teacher slide set was created by Dana Haine, MS, of the UNC-Chapel Hill Superfund Research Program, which is funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P42ES005948).Slide2
Rebecca Fry, Ph.D.Scientist studying the link between prenatal exposure to arsenic and cadmium and newborn health.
Link to video describing her research.Slide3
DNA methylationThe addition of methyl groups to DNA, mostly at CpG sites, to convert cytosine to 5-methylcytosine.
3
SAM
C G T A C A C G A C A C G A T
G C A T G T G C T G T G C T A
5’
5’
3’
3’
CpG
siteSlide4
DNA methylation & gene expression A simplified model
Image Credit: Rebecca FrySlide5
Changes to DNA methylation can lead to gene silencing
Promoter
TF
X
Target gene
not expressed
Target gene
inactivated by
hypermethylation
Promoter
TF
Target gene
expressed
Target gene
expressed in normal cell
e.g., tumor suppressor gene
5
Normal State
Disease State arising from Epigenetic Modification
Image Credit: Rebecca Fry
RNA polSlide6
Changes to DNA methylation can lead to gene activation
Promoter
TF
X
Target gene
expressed
Target gene
activated by
hypomethylation
or
demethylation
Promoter
TF
Target gene
not expressed
Target gene
silenced by methylation
e.g., oncogene
6
Normal State
Disease State arising from Epigenetic Modification
Image Credit: Rebecca Fry
RNA polSlide7
Sanders et al., 2014. Cadmium exposure and the epigenome.
Lower Cadmium
Higher Cadmium
Hypermethylation
Hypomethylation
Level of Cadmium Exposure
Average
Heat Map AnalysisSlide8
Transcription Factor Occupancy Theory
Martin et al., 2016. A cross-study analysis of prenatal exposures to environmental contaminants and the epigenome: support for stress-responsive transcription factor occupancy as a mediator of gene-specific
CpG methylation patterning.
HYPOmethylation
HYPERmethylation
Unmethylated
DNA
Methylated DNA