WORLD HISTORY READERS Level 6 ⑤ From Past to Present How were goods transported in the past Horses steam trains or sailing ships What was Christopher Columbus looking for A faster sailing route to Asia ID: 759126
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Slide1
Global Trade and Peace
WORLD HISTORY READERS
Level 6-
⑤
Slide2From Past to Present
How were goods transported in the past?
Horses, steam trains, or sailing ships
What was Christopher Columbus looking for?
A faster sailing route to Asia
Has trading between countries always been peaceful?
No, competition between countries to control commerce sometimes led to war. It still could today, but globalization has made it less likely.
How has globalization opened a path to world peace?
Increased connections between countries are helping to create a new global culture. International trade allows countries to get things they need from other countries. It also allows them to profit by selling their products and services. This promotes peaceful relations, rather than war.
Slide3Customs officers at a port in New Zealand
A customs declaration form
Importing and Exporting
What is the difference between “import” and “export”?
When countries sell goods to other countries, we say they export them. When countries buy things from elsewhere, we say they import them.
How are the rules for importing and exporting set?
Every country sets its own rules about what their people can import or export. Some countries heavily tax all or some of their imports. Other countries tax exports, and still others have few, or no taxes.
What do customs departments do?
Each country’s customs department controls the imports and exports and the taxes people need to pay on them.
Slide4Free Trade
What is free trade?
Free trade means trade with foreign countries without customs duties, taxes etc. or the ability to trade without too many restrictions.
Do all countries want free trade?
No, some countries do not welcome free trade.
Why would countries want to restrict free trade?
Many countries want to protect their own domestic industry from competition. It saves
j
obs and creates income domestically.
Blocking trade is also a means used to punish a country that acts against some common shared values. For example, the US may block trade with a country that abuses the human rights of its citizens or sponsors terrorism.
An act of terrorism
Slide5Air transportation
Online shopping from home
Transport by sea
Changing Transportation and Communication
How has online shopping changed trade?
It has made things easier! Through the Internet, people can sell almost anything and send it almost anywhere.
Besides online shopping, what other services can be offered online?
• Banking
• Education
• Government services
Slide6The Challenges
Does a seller in one country need to follow the regulations and laws of another country?
Why is it important for sellers to maintain reliability and predictability?
Products need to arrive on time.
What can delay this process?
Customs papers, taxes, and documentation all need to be completed properly. If not, delivery can be delayed.
Yes, the seller needs to be aware of the laws in the customer’s country. A candle made in India, for example, may not need a label when sold. But that same candle sold in England may need to include a warning label.
A sender filling out delivery forms
Slide7Global Trade
What is the greatest cost global trade faces besides tariffs?
How have companies tried to keep transportation costs down?
Ships and planes have become increasingly larger in order to carry more goods at a lower cost.
What are some of the top exporters and importers in the world?
China, the European Union, the United States, Japan, Germany, South Korea, France, the United Kingdom, and India
Transportation
Airplane, truck, and ship transportation
Slide8Selling and Buying in the World
What might happen if free trade was worldwide?
What is one argument against free trade?
Some say that small or poor countries cannot compete with powerful countries nor have many comparative advantages.
Companies would most likely specialize in what they could manufacture or sell at a higher quality and lower cost. This would make better quality goods more accessible for everyone. It would mean encourage the making and selling of only the best products. It would also make better quality goods more accessible for everyone.
Free trade
Slide9Global Trade Makes Global Businesses
How can interlinked global markets help everyone?
How can interlinked global markets lead to peace?
Global businesses are funded through a global stock market, where investors from any country can participate. This means that it is often the decisions of these businesses, not governments, that determine global trade policy. Consumers and businesses are losing a sense of borders. Many people hope that the world’s more controlling governments will embrace modernity and put aside their religious or ideological differences.
Interlinked markets and companies ensures cooperation between companies when they manufacture parts of a product in different places. This enhances the comparative advantages of the two countries. It can also aid small or poor countries to compete with the more powerful.
Global partners
Slide10International Rules and Free Trade
What organizations monitor global business?
What can we learn from history?
Throughout history, when countries and cultures openly learned from each other, great achievements were made.
International rules for the quality of products are set by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
Political relationships among countries are managed by the United Nations (UN).
Financial stability is a goal of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
The UN headquarters in New York
Slide11Vocabulary
candle n.
a stick of wax with string inside it that you burn to make light
capital
n.
money and possessions, especially money used to start a business or create more wealth
Slide12Vocabulary
competition n.
a situation where a person or a company tries to be more successful than others
customs n.
the government department that collects taxes on goods bought and sold and on goods brought into the country, and that checks what is brought in
Slide13Vocabulary
driver’s license n.
a card showing that you are qualified to drive because you have passed a driving test
interlinked adj.
connected together with some points
j
oined together or having an effect on each other
Slide14Vocabulary
submerge v.
to go below or make something go below the surface of water or liquid
terrorism n.
the use of violent action in order to achieve political aims or to force a government to act