Attitudes toward Jews the Christian tradition Teaching of St Paul Augustine Theodosian Code 438 CE Jewish settlement Settlements along the Mediterranean since lat e antiquity Ashkenazic migration to the ID: 496667
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Slide1
Minorities in the Middle AgesSlide2
Attitudes toward Jews: the Christian tradition
Teaching of St Paul
Augustine
Theodosian
Code (438 CE)Slide3Slide4
Jewish settlement
Settlements along the Mediterranean since lat
e antiquity
Ashkenazic
migration to the
Rhinelands
c. 850.
Jewish legal compendium: Mishnah (assembled c. 200 CE) Slide5
Collaboration between scholars
Stephen Harding (founder of Cistercian order) and Hugh of St Victor collaborate with Jewish scholars
Rashi
(Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac): Jewish scholar who studied and worked in Worms, Mainz and Troyes.
Maimonides. Slide6
The role of the Church, from c. 1000
Anti-Semitic theories of Anselm of
Laon
in the 1090s
Guibert
of
Nogent
Peter the Venerable
The Trial of the Talmud in Paris (1236)
Nicholas
Donin
writes to Gregory IX Slide7
Myth of the blood libel
Stories act as trigger for anti-Semitic violence. Count of Blois hangs 31 Jews on pretext of ritual murder in 1171.
Paolo Uccello. ‘The Profanation of the Host’.Slide8Slide9Slide10Slide11
Usury
Rabbi Isaac of
Dampierre
(12
th
c.)Slide12
Crusades and anti-Semitic violence
Spring of 1096, roving bands commit violence against the Jews.
Count
Emicho
of
Leiningen
destroys Jewish communities in Mainz, Worms and Cologne.
Forced baptisms in Regensburg.
1190 Massacre of Jews in York. William of NewburghSlide13
In Holy Roman Empire, Jews are slaughtered in
Rindfleisch
massacres of 1298, the
Armleder
massacres of 1336-38 and in 47 episodes in the first two years of the Black Death.
Does persecution come from above or below? Slide14
Reasons for persecution
R.I. Moore thesis
Insecurities (Kenneth Stow)Slide15
Expulsion
From England in 1290s
In France 1306.
Spain and Spanish-ruled Sicily in 1492.Slide16
Mudejar Muslims in Iberia
Muslims who have made peace with Christians, agreed to be subject to them.
In exchange for labour and taxes, Muslims receive certain securities.
Violence in 1320-1
Theories of Leon
Poliakov
, Yitzhak Baer, Norman Cohn, R.I. Moore (see roots of modern intolerance in Middle Ages). Response of Nirenberg. Slide17
Tolerance and intolerance
Theories of Leon
Poliakov
, Yitzhak Baer, Norman Cohn, R.I. Moore (see roots of modern
intolerance and anti-Semitism
in Middle Ages).
Response
of Nirenberg.
Can violence help to reinforce coexistence?