Future Passive Participles Gerunds Gerundives Passive Periphrastic GerundGerundives in Purpose Clauses Future Passive Participles Remember that Future Passive Participles are the ND words ID: 542195
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Slide1
The Not-So-Secret Life of Future Passive Participles
Gerunds, Gerundives,
Passive Periphrastic,
Gerund/Gerundives in Purpose ClausesSlide2
Future Passive Participles
Remember that Future Passive Participles are the N-D words!
Like this famous ND (Indy), their lives are also full of adventure!Slide3
Review: How To Form Them
Take the PRESENT STEM of the verb (drop the –re)
Add
–
ndus
, -
nda, -ndumAMARE: AMA- AMANDUSTranslate as “loving” or “must be loved”Slide4
FPP Adventure 1: Gerunds!
A gerund is a verbal noun.
Translates
–
ing
.
In Latin, gerunds are the future passive participle in the neuter singular (just without a nominative form).Slide5
A Gerund Chart
d
ocere
: to teach (FPP: docendus
, -a, -um)
Nom: ----
Gen.(of) docendiDat.(to/for) docendoAcc. docendumAbl.(by/with) docendo
Docendo
discimus
.
We learn
by teaching.Slide6
FPP Adventure 2: Gerundives!
A gerund
ive
is a verbal adjective
.
Translates
–ing.In Latin, gerundives are the future passive participle in all genders, numbers, and cases. (all 1st and 2nd declension endings)Unlike gerunds, gerundives have an object. The object will be the same case/number/gender as the gerundive.Slide7
A Gerundive Chart
d
ocere
: to teach (FPP: docendus
, -a, -um)
docendus
docendi docenda
docendae
docendi
docendorum
docendae
docendarum
docendo
docendis docendae docendis docendum docendos docendam docendasdocendo docendis docendā docendisdocendum docendadocendi docendorumdocendo docendisdocendum docendadocendo docendis
Docendis discipulis discimus.We learn by teaching students.Slide8
FPP Adventure 3: Purpose Clauses!
Gerunds and gerundives can work in purpose clauses like this:
“ad” followed by the
accusative
gerund or gerundive: “for the purpose of ….
ing
”“causa” or “gratia” preceded by a genitive gerund or gerundive: “for the sake of …ing” Slide9
Purpose Clauses
Ad
ludum
eo
ad docendum.I go to school for the purpose of teaching.Ad ludum eo
docendi
causa
(gratia)
.
I go to school
for the sake of teaching
.
Ad
ludum
eo docendi discipuli causa (gratia).I go to school for the sake of teaching the student.Ad ludum eo docendorum discipulorum causa (gratia).I go to school for the sake of teaching the students.Slide10
FPP Adventure 4: Passive Periphrastic!
The passive periphrastic uses a future passive participle plus a form of “sum”
It indicates obligation or necessity. (must be, has to be, have to be, had to be, will have to be)
It uses a dative of agent.Slide11
Passive Periphrastic
Liber
legendus
est
discipulo
.The book has be read (must be read) by the student.Liber legendus erat discipulo.The book had to be read by the student.Liber legendus erit
discipulo
.
The book will have to be read by the student. OR The book must be read by the student.
“
est
”: present tense
has to be/must be
“
erat
”: imperfect tense
had to be
“
erit”: future tensewill have to be/must be