Wȃks؆܄i؄trkeCd[1܈[1܌ऎ - PDF document

Wȃks؆܄i؄trkeCd[1܈[1܌ऎrka1ܐᄄnr.܃] "[T؇khဈO p dSဈr.ksu1rܚrkᬜf 7.Jk7Jkly[ܢ 0ui؉r.k␜Ik␝ᴦ Wȃks Cࠉseଋఅrଅ1ts][a,Kః,Kఐഒts.KంᐅTthఉn .KంᐅKOs,అଘtఅOଂhStsଘth,rKచsOcOrtasrࠐrsKOsDhttncs,ᴐKn,1ntsDଖsḋJఒଐḅଝthsrࠉslఃthఉry 2᠉[seଂhStsOଜrJ,htsKOsଜrtఅḉᴉnଘtḅ1csᨖଂpOsଜs᠉ଘntsJKrࠋȃsp,cs,Os,sࠋ഍csଖs,Os,sJ,csrଅഉ ,SrKᴉysCࠉsht,nsḉDK఑rKଌsଜsଘtఅOଂhStsOଜrJ,htsKOsOଜrJ,ht0s,ఞsSଞt0srࠐrsKOsఋrshtOrhKSrtḅKఅKrOsȗt ,ఞsKOsDhttncs,ᴐKn,ഒtsrଅtᴉhcଌtsJKrࠋors7KOShKaKఐrKଌsOଅnଌᨅ,OsrࠉcsD଒nଟsritshontOsKఅrࠉsnKStగt rࠐrsKrsȗtOys6 IsCࠑOsa,vtOs.Kంᐅ,అtᐙtnnt[rsrଋnsDଖsOrȞcsOKఙtsKrsKOst,Ocsrଅ଍r,Kఅ,ఞsKrsKOs,sn,hᨉ0 ଌᨋKచs᠖ଧtSrys.KంᐅKOsଜrtఅoOtḅJࠉఅrࠉhtsKOshtOt,hSࠅKఃଅOଜrJ,htstచKఉthKచ0s,ఞsa,Kఒc a,Kః,Kఐ഑nKrcysseK[StsOଅaoSࠅhtOt,hSࠅࠐOsഉtఅḋఉsଌs.Kం"0sKrsi,OsഉtఅSଌSnȞtḅrࠐrsḂtsrଅrࠉ J,csrits.KంᐅTthఉnsKOsSଌOrhșrtḣsKrsa,csഉSdatsఋనa,Kః,Kఐ1ntsKDs,SrKଌOs,htsఋrsr,☉[y Cࠉs.Kంᐅ2᠉h,rKచsecOrtasKOstOOt[rK,nncsa,ḉsȘsdDsrJଅ᠐hrO0srࠉsȗthsO᠐Sts,ఞsrࠉs☉h[tn O᠐StysCࠉsȗthsO᠐StsKOsJࠉhtsritsȗth:Os,᠘nKS,rKଌOs,htshȌs,ఞsJࠉhtsrࠉsȗthsKఃth,SrOsJKrࠅrࠉ OcOrtaysCࠉs☉hఉnsO᠐StsKOsa,ḉsȘsଜsrits☉hఉn0sJࠑSࠅS,అഉs1hଦtఅḋJఅKఃଅḑDDtht[rsOȍOcOrtaOy /rsrࠉsrଘsdDsrits☉hఉnsO᠐StsKOsritsOcOrtasS,nnsKఃthD,StysCࠉsOcOrtasS,nnsK[rthD,St0sଖsewl0s,nnଟO DȌSrKଌsS,nnOsrଅഉsa,ḉsrଅrࠉs☉hఉnsO᠐StsDhdasrࠉsȗthsO᠐Stysgt"rscdosࠐᴉsphଙtOOsa,ఐᨉatః0srࠉ ᴑhrȐnsDKntsOcOrta0sataଖcsa,ఐᨉatః0s,ఞsఉrJଖ★Or,Svys>hଙtOOsa,ఐᨉatఃs,SrOsOଖrsଜsnK☉s,s(ᨋ ഉrJttయsDdhsritsȗthsOp,Sts,ఞsrࠉsphଙtOOdhys)taଖcsa,[,ᨉatఃsࠉn᠗srଅtగȖtsrࠐrsrࠉsSda᠂rth:O ataଖcsKOsఋrsଝthsnଐḉḅ,ఞsitn᠗srଅഐn,[StsrࠑచOsଂryslrs,nOଅSଌrh଒OsࠋJs᠖ଚh,aOsDhdasrࠉsȗth O᠐Sts,SStOOsrࠉsSda᠂rth:OsataଖcysCࠉsᴑhrȐnsDKntsOcOrtasJଖ☗sJKrࠅrࠉs7KDDthtఃsDKntsOcOrtaO OȘ᠋hrtḅ1csrࠉs☉h[tnsrଅ,nnଟs,SStOOsrଅrࠉsࠐhḅḖKᴉysCࠉs[trJଖ★Or,S★᠖ଝKḉOs,అK[rthD,StsDଖsrࠉ ఉrJଖ★,ఞs,nnଟOsrࠉsȗtsଜs7KDDtht[rs᠖drଙ଒OsOȘ᠋hrtḅ1csrࠉsOcOrtays/DrthsritOts,htsrࠉsḉᴑSt ḖKfthOs,ఞsrࠉs,hSࠑrtSrȖtsḉ᠉ఞt[rsSଞtysCࠉsḉᴑSts7hKᴉhOs,nnଟsrࠉsOcOrtasrଅJଖ★JKrࠅ7KDDtht[r rc᠉Osଜsࠐhḟ,ht0stగȖKచsrࠐrs,sఉJsᴉhOKଌsଜsrits☉hఉnsKOsఋrsఉtḉḅDଖstᴉhcs᠑tStsdDsࠐhḟ,ht rࠐrsSଂnḅഉsKఅ,sSda᠂rthysCࠉs,hSiKrtSrȖtsḉ᠉ఞt[rsSଞtsKOsrࠉsSଞtsrࠐrsKOsȗtḅḉ᠉ఞKచsȘଌsrࠉ ,hSiKrtSrȖtsଜsrࠉsOcOrtasKఅȗtys6BI Wȃks .KంᐅࠐOs,snଌᨅiKOrdhcysCࠉs.KంᐅTthఉnsJ,OsଖKuKఐnncshtnt,OtḅKఅetprtaഉhsس㌆sJKrࠅ, ᴉhOKଌsంa1thsଜs㐡㐆yslఅ),hSࠅdDsس㌵srࠉs.KంᐅTth[tnsJ,Oshtnt,OtḅJKrࠅ,sᴉhOKଌsంa1thsଜs y㐡 6㘥sCࠉs.KంᐅTthఉnsKOsSȖht[rncs,rsᴉhOKଌsRy㜡㈸yءs63IslrsࠐOsഉtఅଝthsظsct,hOsOK[Stsrࠉs.KంᐅTthఉn J,OsDKhOrsSଌStKᴉ7ys2ᴉhsritOtsظsct,hOsrࠉhtsࠐOsഉtఅ,sᨖt,rsḉ,nsଜsJଖ★᠂rsKఃଅKr0s,ఞsadOrsdDsrࠐr ࠐOsഉtఅa,Kఃtఐఙts,ఞsఉJsDt,rȖtsḉᴉnଘatఃy xࠉఉᴉhsrࠉsa,Kః,Kఐ഑nKrcsଜs.KంᐅKOsഖଂᨈrsȘsKrsOttaOsrଅKఙnȞts,sḑOSoOOKଌsଜsSଂ᠒Kచy wଂ᠒KచsKOs,sat,OȖtsdDsrࠉsḉuhttsrଅJࠑSࠅrJଅadḂntOsKఃth,Srys6㜥s-ଖst",a᠒tsrࠉsaଞȒtOs s,ఞs ,htsSଂ᠒tḅKDsrࠉcsഋrࠅoOtsrࠉsO,atsᨒ଍,nsᴐhK,1ntysCࠉhts,htsḑDDthtఃsrc᠉OsଜsSଂ᠒Kచs,ఞsritcs,nn ᴐhcsଌsrࠉKhsKa᠐SrsJKrࠅhtO᠉Srsrଅ,s᠑tStsଜsOଜrJ,htys-ଖstᐐa᠒tsrࠉcsS,అa,☉s,saଞȒtsr,vtsnଌuth rଅംKn70sdhsa,☉sKrsࠐh7thsrଅht,ḣsଖsa,☉sKrsphଌtsrଅ1ht,☑చyswଂ᠒KచsKOs,sఉStOO,hcs᠐hrsdD ᠖ଚh,aaKచ0sംrsOdatsrc᠉Os,htsSଌOKḉhtḅaଖtsḉrhKatః,nsrଅOdDrJ,ht0sJࠑntsdrࠉhOs,htsSଌOKḉht7 ntOOsḉrhKatః,ny Cࠉsnt,OrsḉrhKatః,nsrc᠉sଜsSଂ᠒KచsKOsoOȐnncsSଌOKḉhtḅrଅഉsatOO,ᨉsSଂ᠒Kచ0s,nOଅS,nnt7 nଋOtsଖsnଟsSଂpnKచysxKrࠅatOO,ᨉsSଂpnKచsଌtsaଞȒtsKఃth,SrOsJKrࠅ,ఋrࠉhsᴑ,sOdatsOdhrsଜ K[rthD,St0snK☉s,sDȌSrKଌsS,nnys6RIsCࠉsఉᐃsrc᠉sKOsḐr,sSଂpnKచ0sJࠑSࠅKOsJࠉఅ,nnsrࠉs,hᨂatఃOsDdhsrJd adḂntOs,htsrࠉsO,atyser,apsSଂ᠒KచsSdatOsఉᐃsKఅrࠉsࠑth,hSicyser,apsSଂpnKచsdSSȖOsJࠉఅ,sḐr, OrhșrohtsKOs᠐OOtḅ,Os,అ,hᨂatఃsJࠉఅଌncs,sDtJstntatఃOs,htsఉtḉ7ysgt"rsKOsSଌrhdnsSଂpnKచ0sJࠑSi KOsJࠉఅଌtsadḂntsSଌrhdnOsrࠉsnଚKSsଜs,ఋrࠉhsaଞȒtyswdaadఅSଂpnKచsKOsSଌOKḉhtḅrࠉsOtSଌ7 adOrsḉrhKatః,nsrc᠉0s,ఞsrࠉsadOrsSdaad[src᠉yswdaaଌswଂ᠒KచsKOsJࠉ[srJଅaଞȒtOsȗtsrࠉsO,at ᨒ଍,nsḐr,ysCࠉsaଗrsḉrhKatః,nsrcptsdDsSଂpnKచsKOsSଌrtఃsSଂ᠒Kచ0sJࠑSࠅKOs,nOଅ☌ଟ[s,OsiKᨈsdh OrhଌᨅSଂpnKచyslrsdSSȖOsJࠉ[sଌtsadḂnts7KhtSrncshtDthtఙtOsritsKఃth[,nsJଖ☑చOsଜs,ఋrࠉhsadḂnty wଂ᠒KచsS,అࠐᴉsḑDDthtఃstDDtSrOsଌsOdDrJ,htys)ଖtsOrhଌᨒcsSଂ᠒tḅadḂntOs,htsht᠋hrtḅrd ഉsaଖtsD,onr,[KSySsrࠉht Jthts㌆㔅K[Or,ఙtOsଜsSdaaଌsSଂ᠒KచsKఅᴉhOKଌs Ryءش30s1 orsKఅᴉhOKଌs㈡ yش㘅rࠉhtsJthts㌲ Kగr,ఙtOysWcsrࠉsᴉhOKଌsRyءش㌅rࠉhtsJthts㌵㜅Kగr,ఙtOys6㰥sCࠉsంaഉhsdDsnKఉOsଜsSଞtsKఅrࠉs.Kం" TthఉnsKఙht,OtOsnKఉ,hncsJKrࠅt,SࠅfthOKଌ0sംrsrࠉsKగr,ఙtOsଜsSdaadఅSଂpnKచsᨖଟOstᐘଌt[rK,nnc JKrࠅt,SࠅఉJsᴉhOKଌys6AIsCࠑOsᨖଟrࠅKఅrࠉsంaഉhsdDsKగr,ఙtOsdDsSdaaଌsSଂ᠒KచsKOs,n,haKచsrd Odats᠉ଘnt0sംrs,nOଅȌ᠋᠂n,hsrଅdrࠉhOys eK[StsSଂpnKచsOttaOsrଅഉshtn,rtḅrଅD,Ȓr<᠖ଌtఉOO0sJtsS,అ,OOoatsrࠐrsrࠉs.KంᐅTthఉnsKO ᨋKచsrଅഉSdatsadhtsD,Ȓr<᠖ଌts,OsrࠉsK[Or,ఙtOsଜsSdaaଌsSଂ᠒KచsK[Sht,OtyseKఙtsrࠑOsKఙht,OtsJKnn ഉstᐘଌtఃK,nsKrsS,అഉs,OOoatḅri,rsrࠉs☉hఉnsa,csഉSdatsOଅD,Ȓr<᠖ଌtsri,rsKrsKOsఋsnଌᨉhsDt,OK1ntsrd a,Kః,KఅKryslrsࠐOsഉtఅtOrKa,rt7srࠐrsrࠉsSଗrsrଅḉᴉnଘsrࠉs.KంᐅTthఉns,OsଜsfthOKଌsRy㜅1csrh,7KrKଌ,n ,᠘hଐSࠉOsJଂnḅഉs,hଂఞs㴷زsaKnnKଌys6شIsCiKOsa,vtOsKrsOttasfthcsȌht,Oଌ,1ntsrଅOr,hrs,ᨐKఅDhda rࠉsഉᨑఌKచs,ఞsht7tᴉnଘsrࠉs.KంᐅTthఉnysVଟtᴉhs,saଖtsDt,OKഒtsOdnȃKଌsJଂnḅ1tsrଅhtOrhoSrȖt rࠉs☉hఉnsJKrࠅaK఑a,nsSdaaଌsSଂ᠒Kచys>,hrOsଜsrࠉs☉h[tns,hts,nht,7cs1tKచshtOrhșrohtḣsംrsKrsKO ḋȍrDonsrࠐrsKrsKOsഉKచsḋ[tsJKrࠅSଂpnKచsKఅaKఞys4tOrhșrȖKచsJଂnḅ᠂rsḉftnଘatఃsdDsrࠉsvthఉn Wȃks ଌsࠋnḅDdhsaଌrࠗ0sംrsKrsJଂnḅഉsఉStOO,hcys6㠥sCࠉhtsOttaOsrଅഉsఋstOrKa,rts,OsrଅJࠐrsrࠉsSଗrsଜ htOrhșrȖKచsJଂnḅ1t0sࠋJtᴉhsKDsKrsJthts᠂rsrଅ,saଌtr,hcs,adȌrsrࠉsSଗrsJଂnḅഉsiKᨈy Cࠉs.KంᐅTthఉnsKOsKఅrhଂ1ntyslrsࠐOs,అKఙhtḑ1ncsn,hᨉsంaഉhsଜsK[Or,ఙtOsଜsSdaaଌ Sଂ᠒Kచ0sJࠑSࠅi,ᴉsഉtఅOࠋJఅrଅSdhhtn,rtsrଅD,onr. [㔎 JȒes, M. T. "Aሏtomy ȝ tᘊ Liሚ㤆Њrሊl." IBM ଊ☊lȘerWȃЅ . ␆Jᨒe ∣⌞. IBM. ധ Oct. ∣⌧ <ᘉtᠩ//www.ibm.com/ଊ☊lȘerwȃЅ/liሚx/library/l-liሚx-Њrሊl/>. [㬎 Tᘊ Liሚ㤆Kerሊl Archi☊s . Liሚ㤆Kerሊl OrⰏnizatiȒ. ധ Oct. ∣⌧ <ᘉtᠩ//www.kerሊl.ȃg/>. [㴎 "Liሚ㤆Kerሊl VersiȒ Histȃy: CȒsȠiଏteଆlist." ∤ May ∣⌣. ധ Oct. ∣⌧ ᘉtᠩ//ft᠓cଚt.eଚ.cሪ᠚㌢/liሚ㤪Њrሊl/ᘈstȃy/Master.html >. [␎ Scᘏch, Ste᠖eሆR., aላ A. J. Offᨉt. "Oሆthe NȒmaiሉaiሏ㌈lity ȝ O᠊ሺSȚrce Sȝtware." ധ Oct. ∣⌧ . [Ḏ Scᘏch, Ste᠖eሆR., BȆJin, Da☈ଆR. WriⰖt, GilliaሆZ. Heller, aላ A. J. Offutt. "Maiሉaiሏ㌈lity ȝ tᘊ Liሚ㤆Kerሊl." ധ Oct. ∣⌧ . [✎ Scᘏch, Ste᠖eሆR., BȆJin, Da☈ଆR. WriⰖt, GilliaሆZ. Heller, aላ A. J. Offutt. "Qᨏlity Im᠏cts ȝ Claላestiሊ CommȒ CȚᠠiሬ." ധ Oct. ∣⌧ <ᘉtp://citeseer㤓ist.᠅ᨓeଚ/☈ewଂc/summary? ଂi=ണ.ഓ1.㴓ഽ✣>. [䌎 Scᘏch, Ste᠖eሆR. O㍇ect-Orienteଆaላ Classical Sȝtware Eሬiሊeriሬ . ḉᘆeଓ New YȃЩ McGraw-Hill Scieማe, Eሬiሊeriሬ & Matᘊmatics, ∣⌤. ധ␺䌵. [ണ] Wᘊeler, Da☈ଆA. "Liሚ㤆Kerሊl 2.␩ It's WȃtᘆMore!" ഢ Oct. ∣⌻. ധ Oct. ∣⌧ <ᘉtᠩ//www.ଫᘊeler.com/essays/liሚ㤺Њrሊl-cȅt.ᘉml>.