JAM - HPH Joint Advanced - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

JAM - HPH

Joint Advanced Micropattern Gas Detectors for HadronPhysicsHorizon 2020

Bernhard

Ketzer

HPH

Kickoff Meeting, 27 March 2014

Bochum

Slide2

Why Micropattern Gas Detectors?

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer2

Limitations of wire-based chambers:

Resolution: reduction of wire spacing <1 mm very difficult

mechanical tolerances

electrostatic repulsion

 wire tension!

Rate capability: limited by build-up of positive space-charge around anode

Reduction of cell size by a factor of 10

Photolithography Etching Coating Wafer post-processing

GEM

Micromegas

Slide3

Future Challenges for Hadron Physics

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer3

Larger active areas:

PANDA: 30 m

2

ALICE: 130 m

2

Thinner structures

Active target detectors

Higher ratesLuminosities 1035 – 10

37 cm-2

s-1

Continuously operating TPCsHighly ionizing particles

Stability

of operation

Aging

Discharge protection

 

Slide4

Structure

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer4

Slide5

Institutions

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer5

Slide6

Tasks

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer6

Further development of advanced MPGD techniques

1.1 Quality assurance (QA) protocol and infrastructure

1.2 Large-area

micropattern

and readout structures

1.3 SimulationsNew technologies for high-intensity beams2.1 Hybrid structures2.2 Alternative GEM geometries

2.3 Multilayer resistive PCBsNovel applications3.1 Radial He TPC for very low momentum particles3.2 Active target TPCs3.3 High-rate beam TPC for light to heavy projectiles

3.4 Advanced calibration methodsOutreach and Education

Slide7

1.1 QA Protocol and Infrastructure

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer7

Goals:

Definition of common QA criteria for

micropattern

structures

Quantitative evaluation of correlations between defects and performance

Validation of production processes and quality of industrial vendors

Setting up an infrastructure network for large-scale QA and provide access for participants

Slide8

1.2 Large-Area Structures

JAM-HPH

[M. Villa et al.,

arXiv

1007.1131v1]

[I.

Giomataris

et al., NIM A 560, 405 (2006)]

Processes to manufacture large-size MM and GEMs Bulk MM

Single-mask GEMGoals:Systematic characterization of detector propertiesComparison to standard techniques

Large-area readout structuresProduction techniques

High granularity

Low mass

Active areas

needed:

FAIR, CERN, JLAB, EIC, …

 

B. Ketzer

8

Slide9

1.3 Simulations

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer9

Transport primary particles tracks through detector: GEANT4, FLUKA, …

Create ionization electrons: PAI model

Calculate electric fields in MPGD structures: FE or BE methods

Drift, charge transfer, attachment, avalanche formation: GARFIELD++

Induction of signals in electrodes

Goals and

c

hallenges for operation in high-intensity environment:

Gas chemistry (ions) poorly known

Surface/volume charges on insulators

Signals in resistive electrodesPrediction of performance

Optimization of fields

Overlapping signals

 time-based simulations

Slide10

Tasks

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer10

Further development of advanced MPGD techniques

1.1 Quality assurance (QA) protocol and infrastructure

1.2 Large-area

micropattern

and readout structures

1.3 SimulationsNew technologies for high-intensity beams2.1 Hybrid structures2.2 Alternative GEM geometries

2.3 Multilayer resistive PCBsNovel applications3.1 Radial He TPC for very low momentum particles3.2 Active target TPCs3.3 High-rate beam TPC for light to heavy projectiles

3.4 Advanced calibration methodsOutreach and Education

Slide11

2.1 Hybrid Structures

One or two

GEM

layer

as

preamplification stage and a final Micromegas layerExploit

the stability and widening

of charge cloud of GEMSExploit

the good IB

suppression capability

of the

Micromegas

Possible

applications

:

Continuously

operating TPCs: ALICE, CBELSA, …

High rate trackers: COMPASS, PANDA, CBM, JLAB

JAM-HPH

B. Ketzer

11

Slide12

2.2 Alternative Geometries

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer12

COBRA

FlowerGEM

IB suppression

Combination with standard GEMs

 

Challenges and Goals:

Small demonstrators with different pattern combinations

Study resolution, IB

Large-size production

[K.

Terasaki

(ALICE-TPC

Collab

.)

Jinst

9 C03014 (2014)]

[J.F.C.A.

Veloso

et al.,

Nucl

.

Instr. Meth. A 639 (2011) 134-136]

Slide13

2.3 Multilayer Resistive

PCBs

1 mm

Cathode

res

.

strips

Resistive

Microstrip Detector

Resistive Microdot-microhole detector

Multilayer

printed circuits

with

internal

strips decoupled from

the active

electrodes can

be used

to detect positive

signalsthe

active

strips

can

be

made

of

resistive

material



less

sparks

they

can

be

used

to

optimize

the

electric

field

Possible

applications

:

RPC, RICH, Dual-phase noble liquid TPCs

JAM-HPH

B. Ketzer

13

Slide14

Tasks

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer14

Further development of advanced MPGD techniques

1.1 Quality assurance (QA) protocol and infrastructure

1.2 Large-area

micropattern

and readout structures

1.3 SimulationsNew technologies for high-intensity beams2.1 Hybrid structures2.2 Alternative GEM geometries

2.3 Multilayer resistive PCBsNovel applications3.1 Radial He TPC for very low momentum particles3.2 Active target TPCs3.3 High-rate beam TPC for light to heavy projectiles

3.4 Advanced calibration methodsOutreach and Education

Slide15

3.1 - 3.3 TPCs

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer15

Radial He TPC

N(

e,e'N

')

X

at

JLAB Gas H/D target

Tag recoil p: p structure observables

needed

Background:

em

+

hadronic

Goal:

Simulations

Demonstrator

 

Active target TPC

AMADEUS at

LNF

Low-energy K

reactions

Detect all final-state

particles

Goals:

Increase

density

Prototype

Beam TPC

SuperFRS

at

FAIR

Track primaries and

fragments

High dynamic

range

Goals:

Rate capability

Demonstrator

Slide16

3.4 Advanced Calibration Methods

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer16

Gain calibration, equalization: Kr, X-ray

Single-foil scanning

Drift velocity, distortions: photosensitive cathode (Al, wide band-gap

seminconductors

, e.g.

GaN

, radioactive isotopes implantation)

[

Howgate

, J. D. at el

., Phys. Status Solidi A, 209 1562 (2012)]

MPGD

Slide17

Tasks

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer17

Further development of advanced MPGD techniques

1.1 Quality assurance (QA) protocol and infrastructure

1.2 Large-area

micropattern

and readout structures

1.3 SimulationsNew technologies for high-intensity beams2.1 Hybrid structures2.2 Alternative GEM geometries

2.3 Multilayer resistive PCBsNovel applications3.1 Radial He TPC for very low momentum particles3.2 Active target TPCs3.3 High-rate beam TPC for light to heavy projectiles

3.4 Advanced calibration methodsOutreach and Education

Slide18

Presentation of our results

at international conferences,

in

a

dedicated web-page,

in refereed papers

in public events, like: “long night of science” (ÖAW/SMI-Vienna)

“public day” (Univ. Bonn, TUM Munich) “science meets school

” (GSI) to attract new young scientists

in this field

“detector school” for Master and PhD students

summer courses

for high school students

video, e.g.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4_YrDQ7RVk

Outreach Activities

Slide19

On

collaboration with companies of mutual benefit

Currently, MPGD components are mainly produced at CERN.

A

worldwide effort to distribute the future production among different companies is desirable in order to decrease risks and production shortages.

To

this end, we will closely collaborate with high-tech companies in

Europe, e.g. Techtra

, Elvia

Slide20

External Partners

JAM-HPH

B. Ketzer

20

Slide21

Tasks vs Institutions

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer21

Slide22

Interconnections of Tasks

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer22

QA protocol & infrastructure

Large-area structures

Simulations

Hybrid structures

Alternative geometries

Multilayer res. PCB

Radial TPC

Active target TPC

Beam TPC

Advanced calibration

Advanced MPGD techniques

New technologies

Novel applications

Outreach and Education

Slide23

Links to Research Infrastructures

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer23

JLAB

MAMI

ELSA

KEK

FAIR / GSI

CERN

J-PARC

EIC

LNF

 TNA

 TNA

 TNA

 TNA

Slide24

Timeline

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer24

Milestones

Slide25

Requested Contribution

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer25

Slide26

Complementing Resources

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer26

For information only!

Slide27

HadronPhysicsHorizon2020

Photolithography

Micromachining

Thin film technology

High-resolution lithography

Precision alignment &

machining

Large-area detectors

QAIndustrial production

Simulations of MPGD: FEM, BEMTime-based simulationsContinuous readoutData compressionPan-european JRAWorld-wide collaborations

RD51

Education of young researchersSchools, Workshops

WebIndustrial production

Photon detection: X-ray,

g

Homeland security

Medicine

Geology, archeology

JAM-HPH

B. Ketzer

27

Slide28

Spare Slides

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer28

Slide29

Primary-Ion Radiography / Tomography

Horizon2020

28.03.2014

Required devices:

IC Range Telescope (r(



E

i

))

High-resolution thus micro-patterned (GEM) trackers

(x,y)

i,e

Single-Particle Tomography by transmission ion-imaging, on-line

/

in-beam,

prior to or in-between

radio therapy

Traversing particles

Bragg peak position depends on the traversed materials

Prompt

g

-rays

Nucleons (protons)

Primary ions

Slide30

Primary-Ion Radiography / Tomography Prototype

Transmission ion imaging prior to or in-between radio therapy, requiring high-precision position information in front of a range telescope

Horizon2020

28.03.2014

Water equivalent thickness

12

C ions

Radiography

X-rays

Water equivalent path length

Tomography

61x

ICs & PMMA

slabs

(300x300x3)mm

3

Electrometer

(www.ptcusa.com)

3x0.6mm

2

1x1mm

2

Rinaldi et al 2012

Slide31

HPH vs AIDA

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer31

The proposed tasks are completely oriented towards

future

h

adron physics experiments

The groups involved in this JRA are not involved in AIDA

Major breakthroughs in the past happened in hadron physics-related projects:COMPASS Micromegas

, GEMsKLOE cylindrical GEMsPANDA / FOPI GEM-TPC

Here we intend to work on major steps for the next-generation experiments in hadron physicsUnchartered territory: rate, radiation levels, dynamic range, QA…Requirements different from high-energy communityDo not expect others to solve our problems

Slide32

JAM-HPH

B. Ketzer32HPH vs AIDA

HadronPhysicsHorizon

AIDA-2

Focus

Hadron physics

High-energy physics

Active areamedium to largeextremely large

Resolutionstandardvery highRateextremely high

standardIonization densityvery low to very highMIPConfigurationcompletely new:hybrid detectors

new structuresactive targetradial drift

standardStability

challengingstandardMaterial

very thin (low-energy particles)

standard

Operation

continuous

triggered

Challenges AND expertise are in hadron physics community!

Slide33

GEM Detector

MM Detector

Secondary electrons

Ions

The goal of the Simulation sub-task is to contribute and to develop a common platform for MPGD simulation, integrating gas-based detector simulation (

Magboltz

, Garfield, Heed) to Geant4 and interfacing to ROOT (graphics, access to superior statistical methods).

Simulation improvements are needed in the simulation of MPGD such as:

- a new algorithm for microscopic electron tracking and avalanche;

the introduction of the Penning transfer mechanism;

a new algorithm for the charging-up mechanism;

the introduction of the weight-field in the induction signal;

a simplified modelling of Front-End Electronics and resistive readout.

The outcome of these simulation are cross-linked to the task ‘New technologies’ and ‘Novel applications’ where they serve as input.

1.3 Simulations

JAM-HPH

B. Ketzer

33

Slide34

Central strip

Neighbour strip

W>>D

W=D/2

Central strip

Neighbour

strip

GEM Signal, induced current

MM Signal, induced current

D=1 mm

D=0.1 mm

W=0.5 mm

W=0.5 mm

An example: Weight-field and Front-End Electronics

Tpeak=10 ns

Central strip

Neighbour strip

10

-9

10

-9

Tpeak=10 ns

10

-15

10

-9

Central strip

Neighbour strip

Connecting an amplifier with Peaking Time = 10ns



10% crosstalk !

Cluster size from electron component is dominated by diffusion and not by direct induction.

JAM-HPH

B. Ketzer

34

Slide35

An example 2: Time-based simulations

Simulations in Garfield provide a signal pulseshape depending on:

detector layout

applied voltage

gas mixture

readout structure

parameters of readout electronics

Calculated pulseshape can be used to study the time performance of the MPGD, i.e. signal reconstruction in high rate environment in the presence of multiple pile-ups.

A signal on a single readout electrode of the GEM tracker in the PANDA experiment from a 1 GeV muon hitting the detector simulated in Garfield

Time distribution of signals in the GEM tracker of the PANDA detector (different colors correspond to different events) simulated with DPM event generator at 15 GeV beam momentum and 2

·

10

7

s

-1

event rate.

The overlapping signal should be resolved in the process of event building.

0

100 ns

JAM-HPH

B. Ketzer

35

Slide36

2.3 Multilayer Resitive PCBs

These additional inner electrodes have at least two important roles in the MPGD operation: 1) They are decoupled from the active electrode and can be used for the detection of induced signals and hence for position-sensitive readout. At the same time the active electrodes can be made of resistive materials or from metal strips loaded on screen printed resistors. Both these measures

ensure spark protection

and adjustable high rate characteristics

2) They can be used for the

optimization of the electric field

in the multiplication region in order to achieve higher gas gain and better stability by quenching discharges and making them harmless. By applying voltages on the internal electrodes one can influence the actual electric field and also the charging effect.

Example: MSGC with resistive electrodesa

nd inner electrodes used for recording induced signals and also for the filed optimization in the anode-cathode regionJAM-HPHB. Ketzer

36

Slide37

GND electrode

a

V electrode: -200V

b

Preliminary measurements

Conclusion:

effects of spark protection and field optimization were seen

proving the feasibility of the new approach suggested in subtask 2.3

Simulations

JAM-HPH

B. Ketzer

37

Slide38

Recoil Tagging: Pion Structure Observables

H.Fenker et al., NIM A592 (2008), 273

N(

e,e'N

')X (“Sullivan Process”)

®

p

structure observablesTagg process by detecting recoiling nucleon 50-100 MeV/cLow cross section: High luminosity ~10

37 necessarySpecialist, low-stopping-power spectrometerviz. BONUS, RTPC Jefferson Lab.What luminosity can a RTPC surrounding a “straw” target withstand

103 higher luminosity than BONUSWhat are the background ratesWhat is the RTPC response to high-rate backgroundLinks: Subtask 1.3: SimulationsTask 2: Novel technologies for high intensity beams

BONUS

3.1 Radial He TPC

JAM-HPHB. Ketzer

38

Slide39

Geant-4 Model: Radial-Field TPC

Start simple model: id main background sourcesGas H2/D

2

Target, 25

o

K, 2 atm

15

mm Kapton 400mm long ´ 5mm radiusIe = 50 mA → LN ~ 1037He gas 25o K, 0.05 atmE-field electrodes divide He volume:r = 5 - 100mm, r = 100 – 200mmOuter cylindrical GEM

Beam LineHelium

GEM8-11 GeV Electrons on Target

B

E-field electrodes

Straw Target

B

z

~2T in region of target

Cut aways to allow passage of e'

Calculate distribution energy deposit in RTPC

Optimise geometry & materials

Calculate RTPC response: background EM

and hadronic processes

Position dependence EM background

RTPC

Solenoid

JAM-HPH

B. Ketzer

39

Slide40

JAM-HPH

B. Ketzer40

Slide41

JAM-HPH

B. Ketzer41