BODY IMAGE - PowerPoint Presentation

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BODY IMAGESlide2

BODY IMAGE: the mental picture a person has of his/her own physical appearance and the associated attitudes andfeelings toward their own body and how they think others see their body

Adolescents are acutely aware of their appearance and intensely sensitive to how they are perceived and acceptedby others Slide3

SELF-ESTEEM: reflects a person’s overall evaluation of his or her own self worth Self-esteem is very important with regard to general

motivation, learning capacity, & self-acceptanceDeveloping a positive body-image and aiming for a healthy lifestyle will help enhance self-esteemBody image & self-esteem are constantly changingSlide4

HOW DOES THE AVERAGE WOMAN MEASURE UP? 5/10 adolescent girls and women struggle with eating disorders and borderline conditions

1 million boys and men struggle with eating disorders and borderline conditionsAlmost half of elementary school students between the first and third grades want to be thinner

4 out of 5 children at the age of 10 are afraid of being fat

Half of 9 and 10 year old girls feel better about themselves If they are on a diet

1 in 5 eleven year olds are on a diet Slide5

Most fashion models are thinner than98% of women8% of women have an hourglass body type

a psychological study found in 1995 that 3 minutes spent looking at fashion magazines caused 70% of women to feel depressed, guilty & ashamed Frequent readers of women's magazines were more likely to have Dieted or exercised to lose weightSlide6

Males are at a higher risk of developing eating disorders if they participate in sports with a weight restriction The models in magazines are airbrushed, clipped, and touched up

1 in 4 college-aged women has an eating disorderSociety’s image of a “perfect women” changes over time

Marilyn Monroe wore a size 12… compared with today’s models she

would

be considered overweight Slide7
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AVERAGE WOMEN’S PROPORTIONS VS. BARBIE’S PROPORTIONSHEIGHT 5’4 6’WEIGHT 145LBS 101LBSDRESS SIZE 14 4BUST SIZE 36 39WAIST SIZE 39 19HIP SIZE 42 33

If Barbie were a real women she wouldn’t be able to stand up! She’d have to walk on all fours! Slide9

FACTORS AFFECTING BODY IMAGEMEDIASoap operas, billboards, advertisements, movies, TV, music Videos, magazines, beauty contests, fashion shows etc.

FAMILY- their eating habits, body image, activity patterns, attitudestowards food, comments on appearance etc.FRIENDSPeers reinforce each other’s beliefs about the ideal body,

teens feel a need to conformSlide10

SOCIETY Perfect industry, pre-programmed to expect a “quick fix, self-worth is based on physical characteristicsSELF-ESTEEM

Develops from birth & continues to be shaped by significantpeople in their life, personal characteristics add to feelings ofself-esteemHEALTH PROFESSIONALSAnnual physical (height/weight), cosmetic surgeons advertising the perfect bodySlide11

GUIDELINES FOR BUILDING A BETTER BODY IMAGEAccept that healthy people come in all shapes and sizes.

Do not compare yourself to others. You are a unique person who has inherited a body that is suited for you.Define beauty for yourself. Do not let media or others tell you what to think about your body.What the media portrays doesn’t reflect reality; there is no such thing as a ”perfect body”

Look in the mirror and notice what you like about your body.

Begin to appreciate your body and what it can do by engaging it in such activities as stretching, dancing, etc.Slide12

Be aware of messages your body gives to you and respond to them appropriately. E.g. tired= rest, full=stop eatingRemember there is more to you that just your weight or your body size & shape

Live in the present. I you are always waiting to get thin before you do this or that, then you will spend most of your life waiting and not doing or being.Learn to nurture yourself with things other than food. E.g. relax with musicLeave the scales to the fish! Do not allow numbers to determine how you feel about yourself.

Wear clothes that you find attractive & comfortable. Wearing uncomfortable clothes may cause you to be dissatisfied with your body

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ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR DIFFERENT STAGES OF LIFEINFANTS – at the highest growth curve, require a higher fat diet, foods that are easily digestedCHILDREN – high growth curve & are very active, therefore require a higher fat diet, as well as grain products to continue a healthy growth pattern

YOUTH- during puberty, high growth spurt, therefore require sufficient energy to meet the physiological needs, nearing adulthood & therefore need to begin to eat lower-fat foods in order to be ready for the end of their growth curve ADULT- need to consume more vegetables & fruit, low-fat foods, need to lead an active lifestyle in order to maintain a healthy weight and decrease health risksSlide14

PREGNANT/BREASTFEEDING- must consume nutrient-dense foods & additional milk productsOLDER ADULT- metabolism is slowing down, need to consume less food, food choices must be nutrient dense, maintain an active lifestyle Slide15
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HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITYHigh blood pressureDiabetesHeart diseaseCancer

Mental health issuesRisk of using dangerous weight loss methodsRisk of developing eating disordersArthritisRISKS ASSOCIATED WITH BEING UNDERWEIGHT

Heart irregularities

Depression/emotional distress

AnemiaRisk of developing extreme eating disorders Slide18

Genetically Predetermined Body TypesENDOMORPH - soft, round appearance, high percentage of body fat, average to Large body frame, legs may appear short compared to total body sizeMESOMORPH- firm, well developed muscles, average to large bones, broad Shoulders, slim waist, powerful legs, well-proportioned limbs

ECTOMORPH- small bones, slender, angular, with little muscle or fat mass, narrow chest and shoulders, arms & legs appear longer in proportion to torsoSlide19
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SET POINT THEORYStates that each body has a particular weight that it tends to maintainGenetics plays a key role in determining body weight and shape

Set point can fluctuate between 5 & 10 pounds and cannot be lowered through restrictive dietingIf an individuals weight is below or above their set point weight range, their body will experience physiological and emotional changes in an attempt to re-establish itselfSlide21

As less food is eaten, a person’s basal metabolic rate decreases (the rate at which calories are used by the body) decreases. Food eaten is then used more efficiently in an attempt by the body to defend its set point and to prevent further weight lossThere is no ideal weight for those of the same height & age because people have different body shapes and framesSlide22

EATING DISORDER CONTINUUMSlide23

TUNING INTO HUNGERA non-dieting approach to eating involves eating when you are hungry and stoppingwhen you are full. There are several degrees of hunger ranging from feeling fullto feeling extremely hunger.0=SATISIFIED

– not hungry, no thoughts of food, may have had a meal recently1=THINKING OF FOOD – vague thoughts of food, not ready for a meal, may eat for something to do if upset or bored2=HUNGRY – hungry enough to eat a meal, temporarily satisfied with a snack, making decisions about what to eat3=REALLY HUNGRY – thinking of food a lot, irritable, stomach growling, low energy

nausea, upset

stomach, getting harder to concentrate

4=STARVING – feeling shaky, decreased physical co-ordination, experiencing a headache, unable to concentrate, may feel sleepy, may faintSlide24

THE THREE D’SDIETING 33 billions dollars are spent on dieting & diet related products each year

The diet industry’s target consumer is the “professional female dieter”The risk of Yo-Yo dieting far outweigh the benefitsGenetics plays a key role in determining shape, weight and size etc.50% of females between the ages of 11 and 13 already se themselves as overweight

Individuals who diet are 8% more likely to develop an eating disorder

BODY DISSATISFACTION

80% of adult women are dissatisfied with their bodiesAccording to one study, up to 13% of 9 year olds reported a fear of being fat, and by the age of 11, 51% began their first diet

Many dieting teenagers experience the passage through puberty with repulsion

and disgust Slide25

DRIVE FOR THINNESS Since the mid-sixties, we have become a nation obsessed with thinnessThis obsession is perpetuated by the myths that thinness equals beauty, perfectionismHappiness, self-confidence and self-control

Drive for thinness is often passed on by mothers to daughters through a process of learning and imitationAlso responsible are the diet, beauty, and fashion industries, which bombard us with mixed messages through media advertisingREMEMBER

“It’s not your bodies that need changing, it’s our attitudes.”Slide26

WHAT REALLY HAPPENS WHEN WE DIET, “JUST FOR GIRLS” HOW WE DIET-THIS IS WHAT REALLY HAPPENS Skipping meals or decreasing caloriesThis lowers metabolism so we store fat more easily from fewer calories

The brain & muscle’s demand for fuel causes rebound munchies, usually for high fat & high sugar itemsPoor attention span, irritability, fatigueMuscle tissue may be lost Cut out starchy foodsYour body loses its best source of stable energy

You’ll be more likely to fell moody & tired

You’ll end up eating higher fat & sugary foods to satisfy munchies Slide27

Go on a Preplanned Meal Replacement Diet or Liquid DietYou have 95% chance of regaining any weight you lose in 1 to 2 years

You give away control to the plan which lowers your self-esteemYou often lose muscle mass along with fat. This lowers your metabolism, making it easier to store fat on fewer caloriesHabits are replaced temporarily, not changed permanently

They are expensive!

Cut out Meats Without a Comparable Replacement

May risk iron deficiency which leads to fatigue

Energy from meals may not last as long, causing more hunger in between

Meals for high fat, high sugar foodsSlide28

DIET PRODUCTSThe diet industry makes billions of dollars every year. Each year new weight lossproducts and gimmicks are introduced.Slide29
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FastingMost of the weight lost is water Muscle mass decreases which lowers metabolism, and therefore causes fat gain

Can be medically dangerous WHY WE DIETTo Be Slim

Over the long run, 95% of dieters regain the weight, most gain back more weight, so they diet again with similar poor results

This is called the Diet Cycling/Yo-Yo Dieting and often leads to obesity, it also increases health risks

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There is no evidence that being plump is unhealthy, but there is evidence thatshows being too thin is unhealthyMost diets decrease out muscle mass, muscle is needed for a healthy lifestyle and a healthy metabolismTO BE HEALTHIER

Many diets are unhealthy, your body and mind don’t run well when you restrict caloriesDieting makes you moody & irritable and obsessed with food, this feels like failure,but in fact it is a physiological response and has nothing to do with willpowerTO BE MORE ATTRACTIVEWhat attracts you to someone else? What are long-term relationships based upon?

If you are dieting are you any fun to be

around?Slide32

MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONSBeing thin will make me popularThin people are happyBeing thin will make him love me more

Thin people are successfulThin people have self-control & will powerThin people are hard workers, smart & powerfulFat people are unhealthyDieting will help me achieve the “ideal body”

Skipping meals will help me lose weight faster

Fat people are lazy, sloppy and stupidSlide33

SUGGESTIONS FOR DEVELOPING A HEALTHY, NON-DIETING, ACTIVE LIFESTYLEBecome aware of your body signals for hunger & fullness

Eat until you feel full or satisfied. You don’t have to eat everything on your plateMake time to eat meals & snacks, including breakfastMake eating a sit down activity as often as possible

Try to avoid the unconscious eating that may take place in front of the TV, at the

movies, talking on the phone/on the computer etc.

Try foods from all the recommended food groupsAvoid using bathroom scales Allow time to relax

Get enough sleep

Make gradual changes in your lifestyle Slide34

ANOREXIA NERVOSAAn emotional disorder characterized by an intense fear of fat that results inExtreme dieting

The loss of at least 15% of normal body weight or a failure to reach within15% of normally expected body weightAffects mostly women between the ages of 12-24Low self-esteem, a distorted body image, obsession with food are commonRelentless pursuit of thinnessresults in death in 10-15% with the disorderSlide35

SIGNSNoticeable weight loss in a short period of time ( approx. 3 months)Become a pickier eater, avoiding certain food groups etc.

Obsession with food, recipes, hours of exerciseIndividual denies being hungry even though they are starvingHunger may not be recognized due to the large water intake

Feel a false sense of control when they resist the urge to

eat

Feel out of control in other areas of their lifePerfectionism and unrealistic expectations for personal achievement

May binge due to prolonged starvation, often purge whatever is consumed to avoid

weight

gainSlide36

EFFECTSChronic constipation, alternating with diarrhea, dry pasty skin, depression Irritability, and distorted body image

Lack of adequate body fat= always feeling coldFine downy hair may grow on parts of the body

Menstruation

stops

In males there is a decrease in sex driveInternal organs are weakened, the body begins to shut down to conserve

energy

Individuals may continue to perform day to day activities with bursts of

energy

Eventually they will have faintness, weakness, irregular heartbeats and may

Pass

out due to extreme exhaustion & fatigueSlide37
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BULIMIA NERVOSA Emotional disorder, characterized by binge eating & a method of purge at least 2 days/week for a period of 3 monthsThe person eats to control overpowering emotions & are often not hungry at this

pointPurging= vomiting, laxative, diet pills, over exercising, diuretics & or fasting More than one method of purging is often used Usually within 10lbs of normal weight

Affects 15-20% of college women

Males & females are both affected

Often starts out as a simple diet, escalating into a binge/purge cycle, that feels very much like an addictionSlide40

SIGNS Weight fluctuations, soreness in the mouth, gums, teeth are sensitive to cold & hotSwollen glands in the neck, chronic sore throat, fainting spells, dizziness, frequent trips to the bathroom after eatingSecretive about eating

EFFECTSChronic constipation,, broken blood vessels in the eyes, and bags under the eyesDepression, irregular heartbeats, electrolyte imbalanceStomach muscles may stretch due to the large amounts of food ingestedTears in the esophogus

, & if it ruptures it can cause instant death

CHARATERISTICS

Purging is a coping mechanism used to control overwhelming emotionsOften a history of sexual abuseFood has a special meaning: comfort, punishment, reward, anger, control Slide41

TREATMENT FOR ANOREXIA & BULIMIA Medical attention to monitor healthMedication is often used to help depression

Counselling, therapy, support groupsNutritional educationWindsor/Essex County – BANA, Teen Health Centre, Family Dr. Slide42

DEFINITIONS RESTRICTIVE EATING - a futile, often harmful process of restrictive eating usuallycaused by body dissatisfaction, preoccupation with thinness, and the false belief that self-worth is dependent upon body and size DYSFUNCTIONAL EATING - troublesome eating behaviours, such as restrictive dieting, bingeing, or purging, which occur less frequently or less severely than

those required to meet the full criteria for the diagnosis of an eating disorderOVER-EXERCISING - exercising compulsively for long periods of time as a way to Burn calories from food that has just been eatenPURGING - attempts to rid the body of food consumed by engaging in self-inducedVomiting, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics and excessive exercise, skipping Meals or dietingSTEROIDS

– there are 2 types of synthetic steroids: anabolic and androgenic

Anabolic- tissue building Androgenic – masculinizing effect, even if the user is

female