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Carrie Nation A strong supporter of Prohibition, Nation gained fame in 1900 when she began Carrie Nation A strong supporter of Prohibition, Nation gained fame in 1900 when she began

Carrie Nation A strong supporter of Prohibition, Nation gained fame in 1900 when she began - PowerPoint Presentation

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Carrie Nation A strong supporter of Prohibition, Nation gained fame in 1900 when she began - PPT Presentation

th Amendment WEB du Bois WEB du Bois was an AfricanAmerican civil rights leader and author A graduate of Harvard University du Bois was a supporter of full equality for black Americans and was a cofounder of the largest civil rights organization in US history the NAACP Nation ID: 748674

amendment act bois equality act amendment equality bois child alcohol nation blacks social prohibition children passed americans women rights

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Slide1

Carrie Nation

A strong supporter of Prohibition, Nation gained fame in 1900 when she began a personal crusade to publicly destroy saloon liquor and property. At six feet tall, Nation proved to be a formidable crusader, using a hatchet to smash saloons. Nevertheless, she was often attacked physically and beaten and was arrested 30 different times. As the wife of an alcoholic, Nation saw an end to alcohol abuse as a personal mission. However, because of her unorthodox methods, Nation was not supported by many other Prohibitionists. She did, however, focus attention on the negative effects of alcohol on the home and helped to create support for the 18

th

Amendment.Slide2

W.E.B. du Bois

W.E.B. du Bois was an African-American civil rights leader and author. A graduate of Harvard University, du Bois was a supporter of full equality for black Americans and was a co-founder of the largest civil rights organization in U.S. history – the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People). Unlike Booker T. Washington (another prominent leader o f the Progressive Era), who believed black should focus on

economic

self-betterment, du Bois demanded that blacks receive not only economic equality, but political, legal, and emotional

equality

as well. Du Bois felt that equality for black Americans would best be achieved through their separation from the larger white society and global African unity, while Washington supported full integration of blacks into society.Slide3

Booker T. Washington

A prominent African-American educator during the Progressive Era, Washington believed that unskilled blacks needed training in various trades in order to obtain economic equality with whites. In 1881, he organized an industrial school for blacks in Alabama called the Tuskegee Institute. Under his direction, Tuskegee became one of the leading educational facilities for blacks in America. It emphasized industrial training as a means to self-respect and economic independence for African-Americans. He broke with fellow civil rights leader W.E.B. du Bois in his belief that it was foolish for blacks to fight for political and social equality before the achieved economic equality. Washington also supported racial integration, unlike du Bois.Slide4

Upton Sinclair

Upton Sinclair (1878-1968) was an American novelist, essayist, playwright, and short story writer, whose most famous book is

The Jungle

(1906). Sinclair’s book became known as one of the leading “muckraking” novels of the Progressive Era. In it, he exposed the unsanitary practices being used in the meatpacking industry. Sinclair had gone undercover as a worker in order to gain an eyewitness account of what was happening in the meatpacking district in Chicago. The novel relates, in gruesome detail, the horrible working conditions faced by the meatpackers as well as the unsanitary way in which meat products were being processed. As a result of this shocking and groundbreaking novel, the eyes of the nation were opened to what was happening to many of the workers and food of the Gilded Age. Sinclair and

The Jungle

are credited with helping to pressure the federal government into passing both the Meat Inspection Act as well as the Pure Food and Drug Act.Slide5

Jane Addams

Jane Addams is often referred to as America’s first social worker. In 1889, she helped create “Hull House” in Chicago, one of the first settlement houses in the U.S. This provided a variety of social services to the poor and to immigrants in the Chicago area. Kindergarten and daycare facilities were offered so that mothers would have a place for their children while they worked, an employment bureau was set up to help people find work, and classes teaching everything from music to art were available as well. Reformers like Addams sought to protect the rights of women and children especially and helped pass child labor laws and education laws.Slide6

Theodore Roosevelt

At the national level, Progressivism centered on defeating the power of large businesses. President Theodore Roosevelt, who succeeded to the Presidency when President William McKinley was assassinated in 1901, helped the Progressive movement greatly.

He revived the Sherman Antitrust Act. The Act sought to prevent companies from combining into trusts and gaining monopolies. (A trust is formed when many companies join loosely together under a common board of directors in order to gain total control of an entire market so that prices can be raised without the threat of competitors.) This total control of a market and subsequent price raising is a monopoly. However, until Roosevelt’s administration, the Act was rarely enforced. As a result of his efforts to limit the power of big business, Roosevelt was nicknamed a “trustbuster.”

Roosevelt also supported passage of the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act during his time in office and promoted the conservation of America’s forest land and natural resources, which resulted in the created of America’s first national park, Yellowstone.Slide7

Ida Tarbell

An American author, Tarbell became a leader in the “muckraking” movement of the early 1900s, attacking dishonesty in politics and corruption in business. In her most famous work,

The History of the Standard Oil Company

, Tarbell revealed the illegal means used by John Rockefeller to monopolize the early oil industry. Her investigative journalism was credited with helping achieve the 1911 Supreme Court decision that broke up the Standard Oil Trust.Slide8

Jacob Riis

Jacob Riis was a social reformer and “muckraking” photographer who tried to reveal the horrible living conditions in the tenement houses of America’s larger cities. His book,

How the Other Half Lives

, exposed the struggle of America’s poor and working class, especially through photographs. Much of the public was unaware of the lives of tenement dwellers until these photos were published and Riis is credited with getting reform legislation passed in New York City that ultimately regulated the tenement house conditions.Slide9

Pure Food and Drug Act

Passed in 1906, this act ensured the safety, proper labeling, and purity of foods, drugs, vaccines, and other medical remedies. It required that medicines containing opiates and other drugs must say so on their labels in order to better inform consumers of what they were taking. It also required that drugs meet certain standards of purity. This act gave Americans the best protection at the time against dangerous foods and drugs.Slide10

Child Labor Laws

By the early 1900s, many Americans were calling child labor “child slavery” and were demanding and end to the long hours of work that deprived children of an education to prepare themselves for a better future. Child labor, progressives argued, condemned children to a live of poverty, illiteracy, and misery.

By

1916, Congress passed the Keating-Owens Act that created the following standards:

a) A minimum age of 14 for workers in manufacturing

and

16 for workers in mines

b) A maximum workday of eight hours

c) Prohibition of night work for children under 16

d) Documented proof of age before a worker was

hired

Although this law was later ruled unconstitutional, reformers did succeed in creating state laws that banned child labor and set maximum working hours. By 1920, the number of child workers was cut to one-half of what it was in 1910.Slide11

18th

Amendment (Prohibition)

Passed in 1919, this Constitutional amendment banned the sale, distribution, and consumption of alcohol in America. It took licenses of brewers, distillers, and sellers of alcoholic beverages. Progressives in support of prohibition argued that it would help preserve the social fabric of America, decrease spousal abuse and divorce, decrease gambling and prostitution, and help protect women and children in the home. Although the consumption of alcohol did go down during Prohibition, illegal supplies of it began to increase in later years as a new generation of Americans ignored the law and began to sell alcohol on the black market. By the late 1920s, gangsters like Al Capone had made a name for themselves selling alcohol illegally and gang violence grew in urban areas when rival gangs vied for a piece of the black market. By the early 1930s, Prohibition was considered to be a failure, and became the only Constitutional amendment ever repealed, with the passage of the 21

st

amendment in 1933.Slide12

19th

Amendment (Women’s Suffrage)

Passed in 1920, this amendment to the Constitution finally granted women’s suffrage (the right to vote). Progressive women like Susan B. Anthony and Elisabeth Cady Stanton (creator of the Declaration of Sentiments) had fought for this amendment for decades. These women marched, held vigils, and even went on hunger strikes to protest their lack of voting rights. The belief was that women could never gain social equality without the ability to affect the laws passed at the local, state, and national levels. This amendment was a first step in giving women control over their political destiny.