1 Psychoanalytic problem solving and psychological adjustment in safe unconscious state 2 Biological repair of neurons through increased levels of protein synthesis 3 Cognitive information processing and the consolidation of memories ID: 743674
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Slide1
Dreams
Unit 4 Slide2
Reasons why we dream
1. Psychoanalytic: problem solving and psychological adjustment in “safe” unconscious state2. Biological: repair of neurons through increased levels of protein synthesis3. Cognitive: information processing, and the consolidation of memoriesSlide3
Dreams frequently occur in REM Cycle
REM = a kind of sleep that occurs at intervals during the night -Characterized by rapid eye movements and faster pulse & breathing
15% REM awakenings fail to report dream
20% Non-REM do report
dreaming at all
Infants: unable to tell if they’re dreaming
First dreams possibly occur at 2-3 yearsSlide4Slide5
Dream Recall
On average we have slightly less than one dream per night recalledSome people recall 2-3 each nightSome recall a dream every 4-6 months
B. Experiments show
visual memory
correlates with dream
recallSlide6
Table Talk
Discuss a dream that you remember having last night? A dream from last week? A dream from last month?
What do you think the dream(s) meant?Slide7
Dream Recall…
C. Freud: Repression HypothesisForgetting results of taboo content which is potentially threatening to egoEven remembered (manifest) content disguises unacceptable (latent/taboo) contentSlide8
Dream Recall..
D. Salience hypothesis: emotional dreams are more easily recalled / remembered E. Interference hypothesis: events on awakening focus the attention away from the dreamSlide9
Dream content
Activation, synthesis, & hypothesis:- Neurological activity in sleep is accounted for by the dream, which is the brain’s way of explaining neural activity
Does not explain coherence, detail, and purposefulness which is common of many dreamsSlide10
Lucid Dreaming
A dream in which the dreamer is aware that they are dreaming
15-28% of people can consciously alter the dreams content (change it mid dream)
Physiological activity is significantly higher during lucid dreamsSlide11
Dream Interpretation
Theories range:“Royal Road to the Unconscious” = FreudRandomly generated from memory storeMiddle of the road view: dreams have meaning for dreamer, who may interpret them in personal ways
No universal symbolism of dreams
Meaningful to some, meaningless to othersSlide12
Dream Interpretation…
C. Meaning not necessarily hidden D. Dream journal may allow patterns to emergeE. Simple interpretations are usually the most helpful to determine a dreams meaningSlide13
Night Terrors
Night terrors are most common in children (3-5 years)Children awaken in fear and disorientation that lasts 5+ minutesChild recalls little if any content the next dayOccurs in stage 4 of sleepSlide14
Nightmares
B. NightmaresPeak at 7-10 yrs- Common in adolescence, esp. in students with high stressInfrequent in adults, more associated with high stress
Frequently occurs later in the night - During longer REM Slide15
Table Talk
What are some of your worst nightmares? As a child or more recently. What are you most afraid of?
As a child or more recently. How do you wake up feeling after you’ve experienced a nightmare?
What makes you feel better / help you go back to sleep?