Big Ideas of Existentialism Despite encompassing a huge range of philosophical religious and political ideologies the underlying concepts of existentialism are simple Existence Precedes Essence ID: 775586
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Slide1
EXISTENTIALISM
A complex philosophy emphasizing the absurdity of reality and the human responsibility to make choices and accept consequences!
Slide2Big Ideas of Existentialism
Despite encompassing a huge range of philosophical, religious, and political ideologies, the underlying concepts of existentialism are simple…
Slide3Existence Precedes Essence
Existentialism is the title of the set of philosophical ideals that emphasize the existence of the human being, the lack of meaning and purpose in life, and the solitude of human existence… “Existence precedes essence” implies that the human being has no essence (no essential self).
Slide4Absurdism
The belief that nothing can explain or rationalize human existence.
There is no answer to “Why am I?”
Humans exist in a meaningless, irrational universe and any search for order will bring them into direct conflict with this universe.
Slide5GEORGIO DE CHIRICOLove Song
It was during the Second World War, when Europe found itself in a crisis faced with death and destruction, that the existential movement began to flourish, popularized in France in the 1940s.
Slide6Choice and Commitment
Humans have freedom to choose.
Each individual makes choices that create his or her own nature.
Because we choose, we must accept risk and responsibility for wherever our commitments take us.
“A human being is absolutely free and absolutely responsible. Anguish is the result.”
–Jean-Paul Sartre
Slide7Dread and Anxiety
Dread
is a feeling of general apprehension. Kierkegaard interpreted it as God’s way of calling each individual to make a commitment to a personally valid way of life.
Anxiety
stems from our understanding and recognition of the total freedom of choice that confronts us every moment, and the individual’s confrontation with
nothingness
.
Slide8Death hangs over all of us. Our awareness of it can bring freedom or anguish.I am my own existence. Nothing structures my world.“Nothingness is our inherent lack of self. We are in constant pursuit of a self. Nothingness is the creative well-spring from which all human possibilities can be realized.” –Jean-Paul Sartre
Nothingness and Death
Slide9EDGAR DEGAS
“L’absinthe” (1876)
Alienation or Estrangement
From all other humans
From human institutions
From the past
From the future
We only exist right now, right here.
Slide10Edward Hopper “New York Movie” (1939)
Human Subjectivity
“I will be what I choose to be.”
It is impossible to transcend human subjectivity.
“There are no true connections between people.”
My emotions are yet another choice I make. I am responsible for them.
Slide11All existentialists are concerned with
the study of being
or
ontology
.
TO REVIEW: An existentialist believes that
a person’s life is nothing but the sum of the
life he has shaped for himself
.
At every moment it is always his own
free will choosing how to act.
He is
responsible
for his actions, which
limit future actions.
Thus,
he must create a morality in the absence of any known predetermined absolute values
. God does not figure into the equation, because
even if God does exist, He does not reveal to men the meaning
of their lives.
Honesty with oneself
is the most important value. Every
decision must be weighed in light of all the consequences
of that action.
Life is absurd,
but we engage it!
Slide12Some Famous Existentialists
Søren Kierkegaard
(1813-1855)Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)Albert Camus (1913-1960)
“A woman is not born…she is created.”
de Beauvoir’s most famous text is
The Second Sex
(1949), which some claim is the basis for current gender studies.
Slide13Albert Camus dissociated himself from the existentialists but acknowledged man’s lonely condition in the universe. His “man of the absurd” (or absurd hero) rejects despair and commits himself to the anguish and responsibility of living as best he can.
Basically, man creates himself through the choices he makes. There are no guides for these choices, but he has to make them anyway, which renders life absurd.
Slide14“You will never be happy if you continue to search for what happiness consists of. You will never live if you are looking for the meaning of life.”
“It was previously a question of finding out whether or not life had to have a meaning to be lived. It now becomes clear, on the contrary, that it will be lived all the better if it has no meaning.”