AMI Environmental Environmental Health amp Safety Dan Taylor wwwamienvironmentalcom BIO AMI Environmental AMI Environmental is a fullservice environmental consulting and remediation firm specializing in facilitybased environmental problems affecting facility operations renovation an ID: 140907
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Occupational Noise
AMI Environmental Environmental Health & Safety Dan Taylor
www.amienvironmental.comSlide2
BIO
AMI Environmental
AMI Environmental is a full-service environmental consulting and remediation firm, specializing in facility-based environmental problems affecting facility operations, renovation and demolition activities. Established in 1986 and headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, AMI services clients nationally and internationally.
Dan Taylor, CEO
Over 25 years Environmental Health & Safety Experience
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Summary
How We Got Here1969-DOL issued the Walsh-Healey noise standard 90
dBA for 8 exp. Federal contracts of $10,000 or more.
1970- DOL issues Bulletin 334
. “Continuous, Effective Conservation Program”
1970 Congress passes OSH Act. “Every Man and Women”1971-OSHA made the Walsh-Healey noise standard an OSHA standard.
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Did you Know?
Noise induced hearing loss is the most common occupational hazard for American workers. Hearing loss from noise is slow and painless; you can develop a disability before you notice it.
If you must raise your voice to speak with someone only 3 feet away, you are in high (hazardous) noise.
It is 100% preventable.
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What is Noise?
Noise is defined as:Sound or a sound that is loud, unpleasant, unexpected, or undesired
.By product of many industrial processes (ex. operating machinery)Exposure to high levels of
noise may lead to
hearing loss
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How Much Noise is Too Much?
85 Decibels (dB) - the "Action Level" where hearing protection is required. 90 dB - the OSHA, 8 hour average exposure limit.
100 dB - exposures longer than 15 minutes are not recommended. 110 dB - regular exposure of more than 1 minute risks permanent hearing loss
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Noise Permissible Exposure Limits
(PEL)Utilize administrative or engineering controls when sound levels exceed Noise permissible Exposure Levels.
(8 hours permitted duration per workday for 90 dBA
sound level)
Provide hearing protection if above controls fail to reduce sound levels within Permissible exposure levels
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Noise Regulations
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Hearing Conservation Program
Implemented whenever employee noise exposures equal or exceed an 8 hour time-weighted average (TWA) of 85 dBA without attenuation from use of hearing protection.
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Elements of Hearing Conservation Program
Noise MonitoringHearing ProtectionAudiometric Testing Training
Record Keeping HEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAM GUIDELINE
OSHA Noise Standard and Hearing Conservation Amendment 29 CFR 1910.95
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Rule of Thumb
When you feel the need to shout in order to be heard 3 feet away, the noise levels are probably 85 dB or more and hearing protection is recommended.
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Anatomy & Physiology of the Ear
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Sound Pressure Level
Definition: the local pressure deviation
from the ambient (average, or equilibrium) atmospheric pressure caused by a sound wave.
Sound waves are energy produced by vibrating objects
The larynx vibrates to produce the voice
The vibrations create a pattern, which the ear translates into soundAs you double the distance from a noise source loudness decreased by halfStrong vibrations from very loud noises can damage the ear
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How we hear sounds
Sound waves enter the ear canal striking the eardrum.When the eardrum vibrates, ossicles conduct vibrations to the cochlea. Tiny hair like cells in cochlea respond to vibrations by generating nerve impulses.
Healthy hair cells are the key to good hearing. Although, some die off naturally as you age, many more are killed early from unprotected exposure to hazardous noise.
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Effects of Noise on Hearing
How quickly hearing loss takes place depends on the intensity of the noise, its duration
, and how often the exposure occurs.
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Symptoms of Overexposure to Noise
Temporary Threshold ShiftMuffled sound after noise exposure If continued overexposure, this can worsen and become permanent.
TinnitusRinging in the ears If continued overexposure, this can become permanent.
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How Hearing is Damaged
Hair like cells are flattenedYou don’t get used to noise; you gradually loose your hearingOnce hearing is damaged it can not be repaired.
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Signs of Hearing Loss
Difficulty hearing people speakInability to hear certain high pitched or soft soundsNoise or ringing in the earsComplaints that the
radio or tv is too loud
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Types of Hearing Loss
ConductiveCaused by something that stops sound from reaching the outer or middle ear (infection, foreign bodies, fluid, earwax, malformation of ear)
SensorineuralHearing loss that occurs when there is a problem with the nerve in the middle ear. Caused by birth injury, disease, noise exposure, trauma, and ageing
Mixed
Hearing loss that includes both conductive and
sensorineural
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Noise Induced Hearing Loss
Noise induced hearing loss occurs from exposure to loud noises.Constant exposure over a period of timeExposed to sound levels over 140 dBA
Tinnitus Age induced hearing lossHereditary Nerve damage
Exposure to high sound levels
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Occupational/Non Occupational Hearing loss
Occupational Hearing LossResults from constant exposure to sound levels above 85 dBA TWA Damage to hair cells in cochlea
Non-Occupational Hearing LossResults from constant exposure to sound levels above 85 dBA TWAResults from damage to outer, middle or inner ear, hereditary, ototoxic drugs
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Statistics on Occupational Hearing Loss
Four million workers go to work each day in damaging noise. Ten million people in the U.S. have a noise-related hearing loss. Twenty-two million workers are exposed to potentially damaging noise each year
.In 2008, approximately 2 million U.S. workers were exposed to noise levels at work that put them at risk of hearing loss.In 2007, approximately 23,000 cases were reported of occupational hearing loss that was great enough to cause hearing impairment.
Reported cases of hearing loss accounted for 14% of occupational illness in 2007.
In 2007, approximately 82% of the cases involving
occupational hearing loss were reported among workers in the manufacturing sector.
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Effects of Noise on Hearing
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Recognizing Occupational Hazardous Noise
Operating fork liftCutting WoodCutting Lawn
WeldingGrinding Chipping Concrete Working near Generator Operating Chop Saw
Stationary Power Tools
Screw Gun, Drill
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Recognizing Non Occupational Noise
Household NoisesVacuum Lawn mower
Power toolsIpod Boombox
Noisy Hobbies
Loud music
FirearmsCar/motorcycle race trackSporting events Loud speakers
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Noise Monitoring
Used to identify work locations where hazardous noise levels exist. Exposures to noise monitored periodically with: Sound level meter (area noise level)
Noise Dosimeter (personal noise exposure level)
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Noise Mapping (Area Monitoring)
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Noise Dosimetry (Personal Monitoring)
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Permissible Exposure Limits
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Impact or Impulsive Noise
Exposure to impact of impulsive noise should not exceed 140 dB peak
sound pressure level.
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Affected Employees
Employees subjected to noise exceeding permissible noise limits shall be provided hearing protection devices, if feasible administrative or engineering controls failed to reduce noise levels. Employee exposed to noise at or above the 8 hour TWA of 85 dB, or equivalently, a dose of 50% shall be notified and enrolled in HCP.
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Noise Control
Administrative Control Engineering Control Personal Protective Equipment (hearing protective devices)
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Administrative Control
Operate noisy equipment on second or third shifts.Rotate employees through high noise areas.Modify existing machineryPlace noise limit specs on new equipment
Maintain equipment, keep in good condition Report noisy equipment to supervisor for repair.
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Engineering controls
Reduce noise at the sourceInterrupt the noise pathReduce reverberation and structural vibration
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Personal Protective Equipment (Hearing Protection Devices HPD)
Employers shall provide employees exposed to 8 hr TWA of 85 dB at no cost.
Employers shall ensure being worn:By employees exposed to 8 hr TWA of 90 dB or greaterBy employees exposed to 8
hr
TWA of 85 dB or greater and
Whose baseline audiogram has not been established Who have experienced a threshold shift
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Hearing Protection Device HPD Noise Reduction
HPD must reduce employee noise exposure below PEL (8 hr TWA of 90 dB)Employees with standard threshold shift (STS) HPD must reduce employees noise exposure below an 8
hr TWA of 85 dB.
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Hearing Protection Use
Voluntary UseExposed to an 8 hr TWA of 85
dBMandatory UseExposed to an 8 hr TWA of 90 dBExposed to an 8
hr
TWA of 85 dB but have not had a baseline hearing test
Employees who have suffered STS hearing loss an dare exposed to an 8 hr TWA of 85 dBA
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Employee Responsibility
Understand the need for hearing protection devicesWear HPDs and seek replacementsEncourage co workers to wear HPDsCommunicate problems to supervisors
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Management Responsibility
Provide occupational noise training Provide hearing protection devices Demonstrate commitment (wear HPDs)
Enforce the use of HPDSKeep up to date with HPD selection and use. Encourage questions and resolve problems.
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Purpose of hearing protectors
Reduction of sound waves traveling to the inner ear.
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Different
Types of Hearing Protectors
Earplugs
Earmuffs
Advantages
Small & easily carried, convenient to use with other PPE, more comfortable in hot, humid work areas and convenient for use in confined work areas.
AdvantagesLess attenuation variably among users, designed so that one size fits most hat sizes, may be worn with minor ear infections and not easily misplaced or lost.
Disadvantages Require more
time to fit, difficult to insert or remove, may irritate the ear canal, easily misplace, more difficult to see and monitor use, get dirty
when
your hands are dirty.
Disadvantages
Heavier, less portable, inconvenient
for use with other PPE, uncomfortable in hot humid work areas, inconvenient for use in confined areas.
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Attenuation of Different Types of Hearing Protectors
Ear Plugs Reduce noise by as much as 30 decibels Ear Canals
Reduce noise by as much as 30 decibels Used when individual is unable to use traditional ear plugsEar Muffs
reduce noise by as much as 15-30 decibels
Use in conjunction with ear plugs when exposed to high noise levels (105+ decibels)
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Instructions on Selection, Fitting, Use, and Care of Hearing Protectors
EarplugsKeep clean and free of materials
Wash in mild liquid detergent and warm water Squeeze excess water and air dry Discard plugs when hardened or do not re expandEar Canals
Clean like normal ear plugs
Do not tamper with the headband and the acoustic seal
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Instructions on Selection, Fitting, Use, and Care of Hearing Protectors
Ear MuffsKeep clean and free of debris Clean cushions with warm soapy water
Do not tamper with the acoustic seal between the cushions and the headband Do not modify the ear muffs in any wayDo not stretch or abuse the headband
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Training
Provide annually to employees who are exposed to noise at or above 8 hr TWA of 85 dB.
Topics must includeEffects of Noise on HearingPurpose of Hearing protectors Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Types of Hearing Protectors
Instruction on Selection, Fitting, Use,
of
Hearing ProtectorsPurpose of Audiometric Testing
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Questions & Answers
Q & A
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