Surge current protection using superconductor - PowerPoint Presentation

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Surge current protection using superconductor

Made by

Abhishek

Walter Paul

11104EN072Slide2

INTRODUCTION

Modern

power system are growing fast with

more generators

, transformers and large network in the system. whenever a fault occurs there is a need for the protection of these system. Here we discussed the use of superconductor as protective device for surge current protection. Superconductors conduct electricity, offering zero resistance below certain temperature. We study different types of superconductor as fault current limiter and their workingSlide3
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BASIC DEFINITION

A Fault Current Limiter (FCL) is a device which limits the prospective fault current when a fault occurs (

eg

in a power transmission network

).

The term is generally applied

to superconducting

devices, whereas non-superconducting devices (such as simple inductors or variable resistors) are typically termed Fault Current Controllers

.

For example, the ground fault circuit interrupter is commonly used in residential installations.Slide10

Fault-current limiters using high temperature superconductors

Solution

to controlling fault-current levels on utility distribution and transmission networks

.

unlike reactors or high-impedance transformers, will limit fault currents without adding impedance to the circuit during normal

operation.

Development of superconducting fault-current limiters is being pursued by several utilities and electrical manufacturers around the world, and commercial equipment is expected to be available by the turn of the century.Slide11

“THE PROBLEMS”Slide12

Other common system changes which

can result in a fault

current

problem

additional generation

from

cogenerators

and independent power

producers

raises

the

fault duty

throughout a

system.

old equipments become

underrated through system growth; some equipment, such as

transformers in underground vaults or cables

, can be

very expensive to

replace

.

customers

request parallel services

that

enhances

the reliability of their supply

but

raises

the fault

duty

.Slide13

Superconductive FCL

Removes design constraints by presenting a

varying impedance

in the system which changes with operating condition.

normally operate with

low impedance

and are "invisible" components in the electrical system

.

During fault, limiter

inserts impedance

into the circuit and limits the fault

current.

development of high temperature superconductors (HTS) enables the development of economical fault-current limitersSlide14

EXAMPLESlide15

Think

of Fault Current Limiters (FCLs) as advanced and large-scale

surge protectors

capable of protecting large portions of the electric power grid. 

Limits and regulates the amount of current moving through transmission and distribution system under abnormal conditions.Slide16

HANDLING GROUND FAULTSlide17

TYPES OF SUPERCONDUCTIVE FCL

The Series Resistive

Limiter

simplest superconducting limiter

concept

exploits the nonlinear resistance of superconductors in a direct

way

in its resistive

state it

can also be used as a trigger coil, pushing the bulk of the fault current through a resistor or

inductor

limits

the energy that must be absorbed by the superconductor

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The Inductive

Limiter

a resistive limiter on a transformer secondary, with the primary in series in the circuit

.

yields a limiter suitable for high-current

circuits.

Inductive Fault Current Limiters for Grid

Protection

50

% reduction of fault currents

¼

cycle reaction time

handles

long duration faults and breaker

reclosure

attemptsSlide19
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