Local differences in sustainability transitions: the case of car-sharing in The Netherlands - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Local differences in sustainability transitions: the case of car-sharing in The Netherlands

Toon Meelen

The puzzle

Why do sustainability

transitions happen in some places but not in others?

EV

in The Netherlands

(RWO, own calculations,2013)

P

V

in The Netherlands

(Peer, own calculations, 2013)

PV in Germany

(

Dewald

& Truffer, 2012)

The case: car sharing in The Netherlands

Peer-to-peer

Traditional

Geography of sustainibility transitions

Space & Scale (Coenen et al. 2012)

local factors influencing transitions (e.g. local institutions, urban policies) (Hansen & Coenen, 2014)

Truffer Dewald (2012) “Market formation”

Sine Lee (2011) environmental movements Longhurst (2015) “alternative milieu” provides epistemological + ontological security

Focus

on

market/users

methodology

Data on number of shared cars in the Netherlands via the peer-to-peer and traditional model per neighbourhood (n=10,421 cars, n=4047 neighbourhoods) Data on geographical and socio-demographic characteristics of

neighbourhoods from Dutch statistical offices + car-sharing policy from all municipalities Zero inflated Negative Binomial Model

Adoption

per

neighbourhood

Zero inflated part:Probability that zero cars are shared in a neighbourhood

Traditional

car

sharing

Peer-to-peer

car sharing

Model 1

Model

2

Model 1

Model 2

Constant

5.441

(8.610)

12.580

(7.920)

5.048

(4.186)

5.753

(4.737)

Number

of cars (x1000)

0.178

(0.149)

0.312

(0.198)

-1.367***

(0.305)

-1.535***

(0.350)

Population density (x1000)

0.062

(0.100)0.093(0.089)-0.150(0.103)0.189(0.144)Distance to facilities-0.108(0.113)-0.045(0.113)0.035(0.048)0.047(0.051)Income (x1000)0.083(0.098)0.002(0.085)0.063(0.045)0.080(0.050)% Vocational education-0.148(0.094)-0.110(0.077)-0.043(0.032)-0.042(0.035)% college, university education-0.200*(0.093)-0.132(0.070)-0.067 *(0.031)-0.042(0.035)% one person households-0.199**(0.067)-0.163**(0.058)-0.028(0.031)-0.031(0.031)% age 25-45 0.161(0.162) 0.032 (0.119) 0.035(0.068)0.024(0.075)% age 45-650.130 (0.134) 0.049(0.113)0.054(0.054)0.057 (0.060)% age 65+0.272*(0.125)0.132(0.088) 0.058 (0.046)0.070(0.048)% Member environmental organization-1.219**(0.394)-1.015*(0.420)-0.091(0.163)0.021(0.181)% Western immigrants0.073(0.072)0.212 (0.068)0.032(0.035)0.035(0.039)Municipal policy (Information) 0.425 (0.633)-0.650(0.752)Municipal policy (Parking) -0.537 (0.785 )0.468(1.503)Spatial lags indep varyesyesyesyesMcfadden adj R2 0.3460.3620.1940.196N 2424229024242290Non-zero observations 43940016001503

***:

sign.

< 0.001

**: sign

.

< 0.01

*: sign

.

< 0.05

Adoption

per

neighbourhood

Number of cars shared in neighbourhoods

in which it is likely that cars are shared

Traditional

car

sharing

Peer-to-peer

car sharing

Model 1

Model

2

Model 1

Model 2

Constant

-3.586*

(1.495)

-3.650*

(1.522)

1.028

(0.624)

0.938

(0.663)

Number

of cars (x1000)

0.298***

(0.043)

0.220***

(0.043)

0.238***

(0.013)

0.238***

(0. 014)

Population density (x1000)

0.024 (0.016)0.042(0.016)0.033***(0.008)0.042***(0.009)Distance to facilities-0.098** (0.031)-0.071*(0.032)-0.024 *(0.010)-0.024*(0.010)Income (x1000)0.014 (0.020)0.007(0.020)0.001(0.007)0.004(0.007)% Vocational education -0.069*** (0.014)-0.048 **(0.014)-0.033***(0.006)-0.025 ***(0.006)% college, university education-0.028 (0.016)-0.028 (0.015)0.004 (0.005 ) 0.003 (0.006)% one person households0.038**(0.011)0.026 **(0.011) 0.014**(0.004 ) 0.013**(0.004)% age 25-45 0.035*(0.017)0.023(0.017 )0.008(0.008)0.002(0.009)% age 45-65-0.001(0.018)0.006 (0.019)-0.033***(0.008) -0.036*** (0.009)% age 65+ -0.025(0.012)-0.019 (0.013 )-0.022**(0.006 ) -0.021** (0.006)% Member environmental organization0.414***(0.070 )0.373 ***(0.079) 0.321***(0.029) 0.316***(0.034 )% Western immigrants0.062 *(0.018)0.110***(0.020)-0.018*(0.007)-0.018*(0.007)Municipal policy (Information)0.618***(0.169)0.181 **(0.061)Municipal policy (Parking) 0.510*(0.234) 0.137 (0.071)Spatial lags indep varyesyesyesyesMcfadden adj R2 0.3460.3620.1940.196N 242422902424

2290

Non-zero observations

439

400

1600

1503

***:

sign.

< 0.001

**: sign

.

< 0.01

*: sign

.

< 0.05

Conclusions:Peer-to-peer car-sharing occurs everywhere, traditional car-sharing occurs in places with people that are environmentally

awarePolicy mixed results Environmental awareness strong predictor of number of shared carsPeer-to-peer car-sharing for younger, traditional car-sharing for older people

Questions?