Preventative Medicine for Heartworms and Intestinal Parasites - PowerPoint Presentation

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Preventative Medicine for Heartworms and Intestinal Parasites

Advanced Veterinary Terminology

VETE 4302

Michelle Hervey, LVT

03/01/2015

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Dirofilaria immitis

Life Cycle

Affects L3 & L4 stage of

Dirofilaria immitis Prevents L3’s from becoming L4’s Which prevents L5’s from becoming adults If no adults there are no microfilariae

http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/nemaplex/taxadata/Dimmitis.htm

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Hosts

Dogs starting at 6 weeks of age

Cats starting at 6 weeks of age

http://www.adogslifehatboro.com/

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Clinical Signs

Asymptomatic, and will be discovered on routine annual Heartworm Test.

Coughing,

dyspneaExercise intoleranceHemoptysis (coughing blood)Ascites

http://www.vetnext.com/images/z/73343941087%20292.jpg

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Preventative Forms

Preventatives come in topical, oral tablets, and oral chews.

Chewable for Dogs and Cats

www.1800petmeds.com

Chewable Tablets for Dogs

http://www.1800petmeds.com/Trifexis-prod11190.html?AFFID=GG&ID=274237160&gclid=CjwKEAiAjsunBRCy3LSlz_PJqCgSJACJY7yKDim6Cwdi65CshR-qZKouqXUFMvk6eGxLKLmR6ObmJBoCloHw_wcB

Topical for Dogs and Cats

http://www.1800petmeds.com/Revolution-prod10265.htm

Topical for Dogs and Cats

http://www.1800petmeds.com/Advantage+Multi-prod10945.html

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Preventatives

Advantage Multi for Dogs and Cats/Topical

Revolution for Dogs and Cats/Topical

Trifexis for dogs/TabletsHeartgard Plus and Heartgard/Chews

http://www.1800petmeds.com/Trifexis-prod11190.html?AFFID=GG&ID=274237160&gclid=CjwKEAiAjsunBRCy3LSlz_PJqCgSJACJY7yKDim6Cwdi65CshR-qZKouqXUFMvk6eGxLKLmR6ObmJBoCloHw_wcB

www.drsfostersmith.com

http://www.1800petmeds.com/Advantage+Multi-prod10945.html

http://www.1800petmeds.com/Revolution-prod10265.html

http://www.1800petmeds.com/search.jsp?Ns=product.salesvolume%7C1&Ntt=heartgard+plus&_requestid=339087

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Diagnosis

Diagnosis

Positive antigen test

Positive concentration testRadiographs with right ventricle enlargement, enlargement of pulmonary artery, enlarged loblar arteries, increased perivascular patters.Ultrasound with turbulent blood flow and heartworms visible in the right ventricle of the

hreat. (Summers, 2007)

http://www.beckeranimalhospital.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/microfilaria2.jpg

http://www.heartworm.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Heartworms_VD-KEY.jpg

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Treatments

Immiticide

(only Treatment of adults)

Contains ArsenicHarmful to patientExpensive to client Hard to get Given in 2 to 3 Doses

http://www.marvistavet.com/html/body_heartworm_treatment.html

http://pointsaboutpets.com/tag/dog/

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Treatments vs. Preventative

Treatments

Preventatives

Immiticide (only Treatment of adults)Contains ArsenicHarmful to patientExpensive to client Hard to get

Given in 2 to 3 Doses

Preventatives are given every 30 days.

Protect against heartworms, and intestinal parasites.

Some preventatives are 3 in ones which protect against

ectoparasites

, heartworms and intestinal parasites.

The monthly cost of preventative vs. the cost of treatment is

inecpensive

.

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Intestinal Parasites

Common in Dogs

Common in Cats

Ancylostoma caninum (Canine Hook Worm)Toxacara

canis

(Canine Round Worm)

Toxascaris

leonina

(Canine and Feline Round Worm)

Trichuris

vulpis

(Canine Whipworm)

Ancylostoma

tubaeforme

(

FelineHook

worm)

Ancylostoma

braziliese

(Southern Hook Worm)

Toxocara

cati

(Feline Round Worm)

Toxascaris

leonina

(Canine and Feline Round Worm)

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Ancylostoma spp

(Canine & Feline Hook Worm)

Direct life cycle

Hosts: Dogs and CatsEggs in fecesMolt from L1-L3 in environmentMigration dependant on hostSkin penetration by L3 larva Transmammary

-most common route for puppies and kittens.

Life Cycle

Transmission

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Clinical Signs

Pale Mucus Membranes

Anemia

Dull hair coatLethargyDiarrheaMelena Anorexia

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Diagnosis

Seen on fecal flotation

Assume all puppies are infected.

http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/nemaplex/images/aduodenale.jpg

http://www.catnmore.com/images/HookwormEgg1.jpg

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Public Health Significance

Cutaneous

Larval

MigransPeople can become infected with L3 through skin penitration.L3 are in a local location causing the person severe pruritus.Rarely migrate through visceraHumans are a dead end host for the hook worm.

http://o.quizlet.com/i/V89V8dPukMc02KcQwL5DBQ_m.jpg

http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/images/zoonotichookworm/zoonotichookworm_lifecycle.gif

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Toxacara spp

and

Toxascaris spp (Canine and Feline Round Worm)Life CycleTransmission

Direct Life CycleHosts: Dogs and CatsEggs in fecesInfective Stage L2 (highly resistant to environment)

Migration dependant on transmission and age of infection.

Ingestion

Transplacental

(Puppies)

Ingestion of

paratenic

host with L2 in tissues (uncommon)

Transmammary

(uncommon)

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Clinical Signs

Vomiting

Diarrhea

Pot-belliedDull hair coatCan have intestinal obstructionCoughPneumonia related lung migration

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Diagnosis

Found on fecal flotation

Assume puppies are infected

http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/images/toxocariasis/home_page_image_toxocariasis.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Toxocara_canis.JPG

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Public Health Significance

Visceral Larval

Migrans

Ocular Larval MigransHumans can be paratenic host (fecal-oral transmission) Larvae migrate through viscera to the liver, lungs, CNS.Can cause blindness Children less then 4 yrs of age are most affected because they put unclean hands infected with L2 feces in their mouth.

This is also why dogs and cats should not be allowed to lick people in the face.

http://outbreaknewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Toxocara_canis_LifeCycle.gif

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Public Health Significance Pictures

http://o.quizlet.com/YtxUQUS1dg.2.Xg5eePZTg_m.png

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Toxocara-canis-adults.jpg

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Trichuris spp. (Canine and Feline Whipworm)

Life Cycle

Transmission

Direct Life CycleHost: Dogs and Cats (rare in cats)Location: Large IntestineEggs in feces

Infective L3 stageNO tissue migrans

Prepatent

period: 3 months

Fecal -Oral

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Clinical Signs

Mucoid

diarrhea

+/- HematocheziaAnemiaCan be asymptomatic with low worm burdensInflammation of cecum.

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Diagnosis

Found on fecal floatation.

If suspected infection fecal should sit for 15 minutes because

Trichuris spp. are heavy eggs and take longer to float up to the surface.

http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/dxendopar/images/parasiteimages/strongyloides/trichuris_Eggs.gif

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Public Health Significance

No public health significance

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Preventatives vs. Treatment

Preventatives can be costly for animal owners and there are many available. It can be hard for owners to decide which one to go with. As veterinary professionals we can assist owners and explain the significance of preventatives. Preventatives are better for the patients and many protect against heartworms, intestinal parasite, and they often do

ectoparasites

as well. The owner needs to decide which preventative is easiest to give to their pet. The preventatives come in topical, oral tablets, and oral chews. These are to be given every 30 days to prevent heartworms, intestinal parasites, and ectoparasites (if labeled for them). Owners will be happier with their pets health, and do not have to worry about their pet passing intestinal parasites to themselves or their children. Heartworm prevention is so much easier then the treatments. Treatments involve giving the pet an adulticide

called Immiticide. The treatments are harmful to the pets because they contain arsenic, and the cost to the owner could be thousands of dollars to treat. The pets have to be kept still and confined after treatments.

Once the owner is properly informed of the pros and cons of preventative vs. treatment the owners will be happy they made the decision to use preventative. Their pets health will be better as well.

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References

Foreyt

, W.J.,(2001).

Veterinary Parasitology Reference Manual Fifth Edition. Blackwell Publishing. Ames, Iowa. PrintHendrix, C.M., Robinson, E.,(2012) Diagnostic Parasitology for Veterinary Technicians Fourth Edition. Elsevier Mosby. St. Louis, MO. Print Romich, J.A.,(2010).Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Second Edition. Delmar. Cengage Learning. Clifton Park, NY. Print

Summers, A.,(2007)Common Diseases of Companion Animals Second Edition. Mosby Elsevier. St. Louis, MO. PrintZajac, A.M.,

Conboy

, G.A.,(2012).

Veterinary Clinical

Parasitology

Eighth Edition

. Wiley-Blackwell. Ames, Iowa.

Print