Compound and Complex Sentence Structures - PowerPoint Presentation

1. Compound and Complex Sentence StructuresIAE: T. GrahamIntroduction to Academic English Sentence Structure(www.c8.alamy.com, n.d.)

2. Three Sentence TypesSimple (1 subject + 1 verb)I enjoy swimming.Compound (2 subjects + 2 verbs)I enjoy swimming, but I do not enjoy running. Complex (2 subjects and 2 verbs)While I enjoy swimming, I do not enjoy running. subjectsubjectsubjectsubjectsubjectverbverbverbverbverbIAE: T. Graham

3. Compound Sentences Compound Sentences join two independent clauses.Independent Clauses are clauses that can stand on their own:I enjoy swimming.I do not enjoy running.Dependent Clauses are clauses that cannot stand on their own:While I enjoy swimming,…Because I do not enjoy running,…IAE: T. Graham

4. Compound Sentences Compound Sentences join two independent clauses using a coordinating conjunction:I enjoy swimming, but I do not enjoy running. (FANBOYS)for and nor but or yet so IAE: T. Graham

5. Compound Sentences You can create compound sentences by joining two independent clauses in three ways:I enjoy swimming, but I do not enjoy running.I enjoy swimming; I do not enjoy running.I enjoy swimming; however, I do not enjoy running.comma + coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS word) semicolon (this does NOT work with clauses that can be connected with ‘or’)semicolon + linking word + comma IAE: T. Graham

6. Compound Sentences: Practice (worksheet page 1) Create compound sentences by joining the given independent clauses using the following forms:comma + coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS word)semicolon (remember: this cannot be used in some cases)semicolon + linking wordNote: You may need to change or omit certain words when joining clauses together.IAE: T. Graham

7. The UAE is located in the Arabian Gulf. The UAE is made up of seven emirates. The UAE is located in the Arabian Gulf , and it is made up of seven emirates. The UAE is located in the Arabian Gulf ; it is made up of seven emirates. The UAE is located in the Arabian Gulf ; in addition, it is made up of seven emirates.Compound Sentences: Practice (worksheet page 1) IAE: T. Graham

8. Dubai is home to the Burj Khalifa. The Grand Mosque is located in Abu Dhabi.Dubai is home to the Burj Khalifa , but the Grand Mosque is located in Abu Dhabi. Dubai is home to the Burj Khalifa ; the Grand Mosque is located in Abu Dhabi. Dubai is home to the Burj Khalifa ; however, the Grand Mosque is located in Abu Dhabi. Compound Sentences: Practice (worksheet page 2) IAE: T. Graham

9. We could visit Sri Lanka for our holiday. We could go to India for our holiday. We could visit Sri Lanka for our holiday , or we could go to India. (not possible – why?) We could visit Sri Lanka for our holiday ; on the other hand, we could go to India.Compound Sentences: Practice (worksheet page 2) IAE: T. Graham

10. Complex Sentences Remember: Compound sentences can be made from two independent clauses (clauses that can stand on their own):I enjoy swimming.I do not enjoy running.However, complex sentences are made with both independent and dependent clauses. Dependent Clauses are clauses that cannot stand on their own:While I enjoy swimming,…Because I do not enjoy running,…IAE: T. Graham

11. Complex Sentences join independent and dependent clauses using a subordinating conjunction:Although I was very tired, I went to the party.I went to the party although I was very tired. Complex Sentences dependent clauseindependent clausesubordinatingconjunctiondependent clauseindependent clausesubordinatingconjunctionLook at the punctuation in both sentences.When do you need a comma?IAE: T. Graham

12. Subordinating Conjunctions Used in Complex Sentence Structures (worksheet page 3)IAEB: GrahamADVERB CLAUSESADJECTIVE CLAUSESNOUN CLAUSESTimeReason / ResultOpposition / Contrast(comes after noun it describes)(does the job of a noun: “something”)afterbecausealthoughwhothatbeforesinceeven thoughwhichwhatwhenasdespite the fact thatthatwhenwhileso thatwhilewhosewhereas soon asConditionwhereaswhomhowsinceifwherewhounlesswhenwhether

13. Adverb & Adjective Clauses: Practice (worksheet page 4)Fill in the gaps with words from the word box (two will not be used). after because before even though if since unless when which whoThe UAE is a country (1) _________ consists of seven emirates and has been a federation (2) _________ 1971. Oil was discovered in 1958, and (3) _________ that, in 1962, the first cargo of crude oil was exported from Abu Dhabi. (4) _________ oil revenues started to increase, the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, arranged the building of schools, housing, hospitals and roads. Dubai's oil exports began in 1969. Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, (5) _________ was the ruler of Dubai at the time, was also able to use oil revenues to improve his people's quality of life. (6) ___________ it is very young, the UAE has developed into a very modern, oil exporting country. (7) _________ it has a highly diversified economy, it has become a global hub for tourism, retail, and finance. (8) _________ it continues to develop and grow, it will continue to secure its position as a major international player.afterwhichsinceWhenwhoEven thoughBecauseIfIAE: T. Graham

14. Complex Sentences: Practice (worksheet page 5)On the following slide and on worksheet page 5, you will see a number of sentences on plagiarism. Write a paragraph, creating complex sentences when you can.You may join more than two sentences together if you wish.IAE: T. Graham

15. Definition of ‘Plagiarism’: to use another person’s ideas or visuals without telling the reader where the ideas or visuals came from.Plagiarism is a big problem.Plagiarism has increased over the years since the invention of the Internet.The Internet has made information readily available and easy to copy.Plagiarism is not honest. Plagiarism is not acceptable. Plagiarism is not clever. Instead of copying without giving credit, use referencing and paraphrasing.Referencing and paraphrasing are professional and acceptable ways to share others’ ideas. Complex Sentences: Practice (worksheet page 5)IAE: T. Graham

16. Complex Sentences: Practice (worksheet page 5)‘Plagiarism’ is when you use another person’s ideas or visuals without telling the reader where these things came from. This is a big problem that has increased over the years since the Internet was invented. The Internet has made information readily available, but it has also made information easy to copy. Plagiarism is not honest, acceptable, or clever. Instead of copying without giving credit, use referencing and paraphrasing, which are professional and acceptable ways to share others’ ideas.noun clauseadverb clauseadjective clausecompound sentence IAE: T. Graham