Jacquelyn Burton PUBH51651 Environmental Health Instructor Howard Rubin April 24 2011 Introduction Bottled water versus tap water For better For worse Overview Bottled Water Consumption ID: 605980
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Slide1
Bottled Water: Environmental Health Factors
Jacquelyn Burton
PUBH-5165-1 Environmental Health
Instructor: Howard Rubin
April 24, 2011Slide2
Introduction
Bottled water versus tap water
For better
For worseSlide3
Overview
Bottled Water Consumption
Bottled Water Waste
Bottled Water Quality
Bottled & Tap Water Regulations & Safety
Chemical composition of plastic bottles & exposure
health risk
Bottled Water Types
Slide4
Bottled Water Consumption
Approximately 155,600,152 million people in the United States
Approximately $4 billion/yr in sales
Marketing tactics
Perception of bottled water
Pure
Clean SafeStudies by The Natural Resources Defense Council Slide5
Bottled Water Waste
Contamination of bottled water
Manufacturing facilities
Energy wasteExpensive habit & wasted oil
Disposing of plastic bottles
Recycling
Chemical breakdownSlide6
Bottled Water Quality
Impure sources
Contaminants
Bacterial
Chemical
Violations
Excessive levels of fluoride
Excessive levels of coliform bacteriaSlide7
Bottled Water Quality
Synthetic organic chemicals
Arsenic
Inorganic contaminants
Nonpoint source pollutionSlide8
Bottled & Tap Water Regulations
Bottled Water Regulations
Regulated by the FDA
Food
Federal Food, Drug, & Cosmetic Act
Provides regulatory authority to the FDA
Title 21: Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR)
Defines different types of water Processing & Labeling
Quality standards & Levels of contaminationTap Water Regulations
Regulated by the EPAStricter regulationsProduction & DistributionQuality & Source water protectionOperations of systemsLevels of contaminationReportingSlide9
Bottled & Tap Water Regulations & Safety
Bottled Water Regulations
Inspections
No specific program
Collects samples for testing
Plastic containers
State & local governmental regulations
Development of new regulations Tap Water Regulations
Water testing schedules Water treatment State enforcement autonomyList of contaminants acceptable levelsSlide10
Artesian Water
Mineral Water
Purified Water
Sparkling Bottled Water
Spring WaterBottled Water TypesSlide11
Chemical composition of plastic bottles & exposure health risk
Properties found in plastic bottles
Chemicals
Consequences
or health risk
Effects & symptoms
Toluene
Nervous system
Loss of appetiteKidneysDeathXylene
HeadachesNervous systemSkin , eye, nose, & throat irritation Digestive discomfortLiverKidneysSlide12
Properties found in plastic bottles
Polyethylene terephthalate
Phthalate (Adipate-
a phthalate
)
Endocrine disruptors
Styrene
Nervous system
Hearing loss-observed in animalsLiver damage-observed in animalsPossible carcinogenArsenicSore throat-inorganic
Irritated Lungs-inorganicSkin darkeningCorns/warts (palms, soles, & torso)Carcinogenic-skin, liver, bladder, & lungsNitratesPregnancy issuesAcquired methemoglobinemia
CarcinogenicChemical composition of plastic bottles & exposure health riskSlide13
Conclusion
Bottled water
$$$,$$$,$$$
Attributed to marketing tactics
Not regulated by the federal government
Has
contaminants & plastic used is not biodegradablePollutes the environment & Comprised of tap water
Tap waterRegulated by the federal government $$Slide14
References
Agency for Toxic Substances Registry. (2011). Toxic substances portal. Retrieved from
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/index.asp
American
Beverage Association. (2011). Reincarnation. Retrieved April 23, 2011 from
http://
www.ameribev.org/minisites/recycling/packaging/reincarnation.php
Brown, L. (2009). Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to save civilization. Earth Policy Institute. Retrieved from http://www.earth-policy.org/images/uploads/book_files/pb4ch04.pdf
Clean Air Council. (nd). Waste and Recycling Facts. Retrieved April 23, 2011 from http://www.cleanair.org/Waste/wasteFacts.html
Natural Resources Defense Council (nd). Bottled water, pure drink or pure hype? Retrieved from http://www.nrdc.org/water/drinking/bw/exesum.asp
Slide15
References
Posnick, L. and Kim, H. (2002).
February/March 2002 Ask the regulators—bottled water regulation and the FDA.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/Product-SpecificInformation/BottledWaterCarbonatedSoftDrinks/ucm077079.htm
Santa Clara Valley Water District. (2007, February 1). Bottle vs. tap water. [Video File]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0K5h3VBnXc&feature=related
Sax L. (2009). Polyethylene Terephthalate May Yield Endocrine Disruptors.
Environ Health Perspectives 118(4). Retrieved from Environmental Health Perspectives web site doi:10.1289/ehp.0901253 U.S. Census Bureau (2011).
U.S. & World Population Clocks. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html Slide16
References
U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2009, June).
Bottled Water: FDA Safety and Consumer Protections are Often Less Stringent than Comparable EPA Protections for Tap Water
. Retrieved June 2010 from
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d09610.pdf
Unites State Environmental Protection Agency. (2010).
Current drinking water regulations.
Retrieved April 24, 2011 from http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/rulesregs/sdwa/currentregulations.cfm United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2010). What is nonpoint source pollution?
Retrieved April 23, 2011 from http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/nps/whatis.cfm