Constitutional Convention Ben Franklin I have often looked at the sun behind the President without being able to tell whether it was rising or setting but now at length I have the happiness to know it is a rising and not a setting sun ID: 468032
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Compromises at the" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Compromises at the Constitutional ConventionSlide2
Ben Franklin
“I have often looked at the sun behind the President without being able to tell whether it was rising or setting; but now, at length, I have the happiness to know it is a rising, and not a setting sun.”Slide3
Two Conflicting Parties
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Throw out the Articles of Confederation; establish completely new framework for government
In favor of a stronger central (
FEDERAL
) government.
Supporters: George
Washington
, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams.
Articles of Confederation is inherently good; just needs some tweaks and adjustments.
In favor of greater amount of
states’
rights.
Supporters:
Samuel
Adams,
Patrick
Henry, Henry ClintonSlide4
Federalists or Anti-Federalist?Slide5
Three Key Philosophies
Separation of Powers.
Power balance in the
NATIONAL
government; split between:Executive.Legislative.
Judicial
.
Checks and Balances.
Each branch in the
CENTRAL government limits the powers of the other branches.Federalism.Each level of government limits the power of the other levels.Federal.State.
Local
.Slide6
Representation in Congress
Two competing ideologies:
Equal
representation (
New Jersey Plan – 138,000).Each state has the same number of representatives in the Legislature.
Population
representation (
Virginia
Plan – 300,000).
Each state earns their number of representatives in the Legislature based on the state’s population.Slide7
Great Compromise
Brokered by
Benjamin Franklin
and Roger Sherman between supporters of the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan.
BI-CAMERAL (2 Houses) Legislature:Senate
: Equal number of representatives for each state.
House of Representatives
: Number of representatives based on each state’s population.Slide8
Framework of the Great Compromise
Senate
House of Representatives
Upper
House.
Equal representation for each state.
State-elected.
6
year terms.
Lower House.Representation based on population of each state.
State-elected, according to districts.
2
year terms.Slide9
Slavery Debate
Southern
States’ Position
Northern States
’ Position
Count slaves as part of the state’s population.
Advantage to South: slave states will gain a larger population and a greater number of
representatives
.
Count slaves, but count them for both population purposes and
tax
purposes.
Disadvantage to South: slave states will gain more representatives, but will also be forced to pay taxes on each slave, as well.
* Not a debate over the existence of slavery, but simply a debate over how to count slaves toward each state’s population. Northern and Southern delegates disagreed over the population per representative. It was settled at 40,000/rep.Slide10
Three-Fifths (3/5) Compromise
Every
40,000
people constitutes 1 representative in the House of Representatives.
Every 5 slaves count as 3 free citizens, or 1 slave equals
3/5
of a free citizen.Slide11
Constitution is Born . . not just yet
James Madison
(VA) ends up writing most of it.
The delegates signed the Constitution, but it was not law just yet.
The last step in the process of confirming the Constitution was
ratification
from the
states
.