Presentations text content in Format Designation in MARC Records
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Format Designation in MARC Records
A Look Under the Hood
Michael Doran
Systems Librarian
Slide2Type
MediumFormatForm
Terminology
First, a few words about…
overlapping meanings
Slide3AACR2 (1976) and AACR2R (1988) use format to mean a “particular physical presentation of an item” but the term does not appear in AACR (1967, 1970). *
* http
://www2.archivists.org/glossary/terms/f/format
Slide4Book
Printed book
I
ntellectual form
Physical forms
E-book
(computer file)
Audio book
(e.g. on CD)
Abstract => Concrete
Slide5Movie
Film strip
I
ntellectual form
Physical forms
DVD
Streaming
video
Abstract => Concrete
Slide6This object is a…?
Book
(Bound) SerialManuscriptArtifact
From a bibliographic perspective…
Concrete => Abstract
Slide7Data
Music/soundVideoSoftware???
CD ROMDVD
Containing…
Concrete => Abstract
This object is a…?
Slide8User interfaces
Slide9Patrons see
two
“format” choices:
TypeFormat
Voyager OPAC
Slide10Jargon-y
Unclear
Ambiguous
Imprecise
“Why are there two lists?”
“Which choice is for movies on DVD?”
Slide11Jargon-y
Unclear
Ambiguous
Imprecise
“Why are there two lists?”
“Which choice is for movies on DVD?”
Slide12Slide13Voyager Staff Client
Slide14Staff see
two
“format” choices:
Medium
Type
Slide15Huh?
Whaa
? Why?
Slide16MARC Record
Leader and
Control Fields
(mainly fixed-position fields)
Variable Fields
Slide17MARC Record
Slide18Important: Fixed field positions start at “0”
MARC record Leader
http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/
“Type”
Slide1915 x 7 =
105 possible combinations(in theory)
MARC record Leader
“Type”
Slide20How many “type” combinations actually exist in a typical database?
Slide21In UTA’s Voyager database (of ~ 1,600,000 bib records):
53
However the 12 used for type limits
encompass
99%
of our bib records.
Slide22Count Voyager “Type” limit
Count Voyager “Type” limit
Count of bib records per Leader/06-07 combination(UT Arlington Library - Voyager ILS)
Slide23Count Voyager “Type” limit
Count Voyager “Type” limit
Count of bib records per Leader/06-07 combination(UT Arlington Library - Voyager ILS)
Slide24Using 12 Leader/06-07 combinations
for “type” limits in Voyager
LDR/06-07
Type Limit
Slide25WebVoyage HTML code
LDR/06-07
Slide26limits.xml
Add
,
remove
, or
rename
“type” limits in the
limits.xml
file.
Slide27BIB_TEXT.BIB_FORMAT
2-character field
value is Leader/06-07
Reports.mdb
Voyager Indexing
Slide28MARC Record
Slide29MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed Field
Positions of most interest are the 00, 01, (and 04)
00
“Category
of material”
Character position
Slide30
007/00
WebVoyage HTML code
Slide31limits.xml
Add, remove, or rename “Format” limits in the limits.xml file.
Slide32“Category of material”
MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed Field
Positions of most interest are the 00, 01, (and 04)
00
Character position
Slide33
MARC 007
Physical Description Fixed Field
00 Character position
01 Character position
Once you choose a particular “Category of material” value, the remaining values in the 007 field are specific to that category.
Slide34Slide35MARC 007
Physical Description Fixed Field
Slide36MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed Field
007/04 Videorecording format
007/00 Category
of material
007/01 Specific material designation
Slide37BIB_MEDIUM.MEDIUM1-character fieldvalue is field 007/00
Reports.mdb
Voyager Indexing
Missing out on valuable format information.
Slide38BIB_MEDIUM.MEDIUM1-character fieldvalue is field 007/00
Missing out on valuable format information.
Voyager Indexing
Slide39MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed Field
Slide40MARC 007
Physical Description Fixed Field
36.8% of the collection
Slide41MARC 007
Physical Description Fixed Field
Count of bib records per 007/00(UT Arlington Library - Voyager ILS)
Seems to suggest that the 007 field is seldom used for books and serials.
Mandatory if
applicable
(In “National
L
evel Full”)
Slide42What do we know so far?
Slide43“Type” format
Based on the MARC Leader positions 06/07.
Not all “types” are represented by default.
Although there are additional “types” these 12 will likely cover about 99% of your collection.
Not very user-friendly.
Slide44Based on the 007 field,
but only on the first position
– so missing a lot of granularity.Not all possible “formats” are represented.Probably roughly 1/3 of your collection will be included in the search if this is used as a limit.
“Format” format
Slide45Traditional catalogs are not very user-friendly in
regards to format limits.
Slide46How about
discovery tools?
Slide47AquaBrowser
Slide48“This looks better!”
It
is
better.
But not as quite as
good as it appears.
two lists
Slide49Full selection of format limits
Slide50How can they do that?
Slide51MARC records
MARC
records
MARC
data
ILS
Discovery tool
export
ingest
Slide52The
data
is the same…
Slide53…but the
indexing
is more granular.
Slide54Format
1
st criteria
2nd criteria
Format configuration matrix
Slide55Format
1
st criteria
2nd criteria
Format configuration matrix
Slide56Format
1
st criteria
2nd criteria
Format configuration matrix
and
Field
[Position(s)]
Slide57Code snippet from
VuFind (SolrMarc) format-mapping algorithm
E.g.: Checking the first two positions of the MARC 007 field
Slide58…more
VuFind format mapping code:
MARC
record
Slide59MARC 245 Title StatementSubfield $h Medium
Slide60Variable fields tend to be… well, variable
A keyword search in UT Arlington’s WebVoyage OPAC for "dvd videorecording" (sans quote marks) yielded these 245 h variations -- within the first 10 search results:
Human readable, and useful for retrieval via keyword searching. However non-normalized variable fields are problematic for indexing purposes and therefore for utilization in limits and facets.
Slide61When MARC records are imported into Voyager, these are the values that get indexed as “format”.
Slide62Terms like this also get indexed.
However (in Voyager), they get
indexed as keywords, not as formats
.
Slide63MARC 008 Fixed-Length Data Elements
One character position is “Form of item”
Character position 23 for:BooksComputer filesMusicContinuing resourcesMixed materials
Character position 29 for:MapsVisual materials
The 008 field itself is mandatory for all records and the “Form of item” position is mostly mandatory for National Level Full records*.
* National Level Full and Minimal Requirements, Control Fields http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/nlr/nlr00x.html
M
M
M
M
M
M
008 positions 18-34 definitions determined by “Form of material”
Slide64MARC 008 Fixed-Length Data Elements
Values for “Form of item”
BooksMapsMusicContinuing ResourcesVisual MaterialsMixed Materials
Computer files
Slide65MARC 008 Fixed-Length Data Elements
008 positions 18-34 definitions determined by “Form of Material”
And “Form of Material Level I” is defined by?
…our old friend, Leader positions 06-07*
Form of Material Level I
* 008
- Fixed-Length Data Elements-General
Information
http://
www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bd008.html
Slide66Form of Material… continued
Format Integration:
http
://
www.loc.gov/marc/formatintegration.html
15 Level II formsget collapsed into 7 Level I forms
+07
Slide67Form of Material… continued
15 Level III forms.
But varies from the
15 Level II forms.
… and additional
granularity with
007/02 (and 04)
Slide68Count of bib records per 008/23 value for “Books” Form of Material(UT Arlington Library - Voyager ILS)
(1,079,587
+ 22,371) /
1,369,004 x 100 = 80%
For most items, we only really know what it’s not.
Slide69MARC 006 Additional Material Characteristics(Repeatable field)
Because the 008 is not repeatable and is dependent on the Leader 06 and 07 for its definition, only one 008 can be included in a record…. The 006 field was created, as part of “format integration”, to record “additional aspects of an item”. [1]
[1] For details see: “Format
integration and its effect on the USMARC bibliographic
format”
/
Library of Congress. Network Development and MARC Standards Office
Slide70MARC 006
Additional Material
Characteristics
Slide71Count of bib records per
006/00 value
Slide72What else have we learned?
Slide73Discovery tools employ a more sophisticated format mapping, but are still dependent on the underlying MARC dataFormat data exists in MARC variable fields as well as control fields
Slide74MARC… and other records
Voyager records
Bib
MFHD
MFHD
MFHD
Item
Item
Item
Slide75Voyager records
Bib
MFHD
MFHD
MFHD
Item
Item
Item
MARC… and other records
We’ve been looking at
Holdings
Items
Is there format designation at
this level?
Yes
???
Slide76(MARC Format for Holdings Data)
MFHD Records
MARC
007
Physical Description Fixed Field
Slide77MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed Field
007/04 Videorecording format
007/00 Category
of material
007/01 Specific material designation
Bib
MFHD
Yes
Yes
Slide78MARC 007
Physical Description Fixed Field
Slide79MARC 007 Physical Description Fixed Field
MFHDs
MFHD 007 is not going to be very useful!
Slide80Count of MFHD records per 007/00(UT Arlington Library - Voyager ILS)
MARC 007
Physical Description Fixed Field
No “Mandatory
if
applicable”
requirements for
MFHD
007 categories
Slide81MFHD 007 Physical Description Fixed FieldIndexing in Voyager
However, not aware of Voyager utilizing the MFHD 007 for any WebVoyage functionality.
Slide82Bib
MFHD
MFHD
MFHD
Can holdings with
different formats
be attached to the
same
bibliographic record?
Sure!
electronic
microform
Are they? And should they be?
(for your library)
??????
Slide83Voyager - Item Record Level
Voyager uses item-record-level item types for circulation purposes.
Slide84Is dependent on how formatsare designated in MARC records.
Ability to effectively search and retrieve by the desired format.
And how well the MARC format data is mapped and indexed.
Slide85Cataloging practice
Cataloging records
Catalog
P
rocess
P
roduct
Technology
Hat tip to Allyson
Carlyle
Slide86FRBR/RDA will make search and retrieval by the desired format simple and easy. True False
Clip art credit: http
://clairc-artstuff.deviantart.com/
Slide87Patrons see
two
“format” choices:
TypeFormat
Voyager OPAC
before
FRBR/RDA
Slide88Patrons see
five
“format” choices:
TypeFormatContentMediaCarrier
Voyager OPAC after FRBR/RDA
Slide89Three new “format” choices
Slide90The End
doran@uta.edu
Format Designation in MARC Records
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