FARM MECHANIZATION By JJR NARWARE Director CFMTampTI Budni Introduction Total geographical area is 329 million hectares out of which 1744 are under cultivation The size of farm agroecological condition types of soil are varying widely ID: 532117
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Slide1
NEED FOR TESTING AND CERTIFICATION IN FARM MECHANIZATION
ByJ.J.R. NARWARE(Director, CFMT&TI Budni)Slide2
Introduction:Total geographical area is 329
million hectares out of which 174.4 are under cultivation.
The size of farm, agro-ecological condition, types of soil are varying widely.
Each region has its own requirement of different types of farm machinery for various operations.
Due to wide variations in soil & agro-climatic conditions, agronomical practices and cropping patterns may make one machine useful in one region and useless in the other
. Slide3
Mechanization Level:
S. No.
Operation
Percentage
1.
Tillage
40.2
-Tractor
15.6
-Animal
24.7
2.
Sowing with drills and planters
28.9
-Tractors
8.3
-Animals
20.6
3.
Irrigation
37
4.
Thresher- Wheat
47.8
-Paddy and others
4.4
5.
Harvesting
-Reapers
0.56
-Combines
0.37
6.
Plant protection
34.2Slide4
Farm Power availability
Year
Farm Power Availability
1960-61
0.30 kW/ha
2013-14
2.02 kW/ha
Power, Million kWSlide5
Testing is systematic determination & analysis of:Functional performance characteristics
Power requirement for a machine or component
Stresses from static or dynamic loading
Durability
Wear rate, and
External forces acting
upon a machine.Slide6
Need of Testing:
Testing
of farm machinery is an integral part of its design process, to determine :
Functional performance characteristics, Durability & Safety aspects,
Adoptability, Comparison of over all performance with similar machines, and
Degree of deviation from objectives, standardized limits/ norms.
To
develop a no-defect product, the role of Testing at various stages of development is paramount. Slide7
Need of Testing by National Authority :
Semi-organized/ small-scale sectors can not afford to have their own R & D facility.
To evaluate overall performance of the machine through standardized procedure (Test Codes)
To verify overall performance of the product.
To find out degree of
deviation from standardized
limits/norms form
* Basic Standards
* Product Standards, and
* Safety StandardsSlide8
Need of Testing by National Authority :
To have expert opinion & suggestions on over all performance of the machine to optimize the product.
To have data for comparison of internal tests data.
To get opportunity of comparison of over all performance with similar machines,
To win user’s confidence on the basis of third-party opinion,
The overall performance derived during internal testing by the designer/manufacturer will not be sufficient for commercialization of product. Slide9
Need of Testing by National Authority :
It is a fact that the product cannot be evaluated impartially by the manufacturer/designer themselves.
They may act partially to establish
degree of deviation from standardized limits/norms from Basic, Product and Safety standards.
And
T
he user will not generally rely on the claims of the manufacturer/ designer even the performance of the product is par excellence to standardized products. Slide10
Standards: Standards define the general shape, dimensions, material of construction, minimum performance limits and test procedures.
Basic Standards
Product Standards
Testing Standards,
And
Safety Standards
FAD-11, 17, 20, 21, 22 & 27 specifically deals with Agricultural Machinery.Slide11
Objectives of Standardization:To promote interchangeability
To promote safer operation
To reduce variety of components
And
To promote uniformity in the methods of specifying equipment's, size and ratings
.Slide12
Testing activity of FMTTIs
The FMTTIs are the sole National Authority for performance evaluation of all agricultural machineries. These Institutes are evaluating the performance of the farm machinery as per the relevant Indian Standard / ISO / OECD Test Procedures.
Therefore the test reports released by these Institutes are acceptable on National as well as Global level
. Slide13
Authorized National Institutes for Testing of Farm Machinery
Central Farm Machinery
Training and Testing Institute, Tractor Nagar,
BUDNI-466 445
District Sehore (M.P)
Northern Region Farm Machinery Training & Testing Institute,
Sirsa
Road,
HISAR-125 001 (Haryana)Southern Region Farm Machinery Training & Testing Institute, GARLADINNE – 515 731Anantapur (A.P)North-Eastern Region Farm Machinery Training & Testing Institute, BISWANATH CHARIALI, Sonitpur (Assam)Slide14
Mandate of FMTTIsHuman resources development by organizing on-the-job training for effective and optimum utilization of agricultural machinery. And
Testing, evaluation and certification of tractors and other farm machinery.
Please Click
Please ClickSlide15
Nature of tests: Confidential Tests
Commercial Tests:-
(a) Initial Commercial Tests (b) Batch Test (COP),
(c) Test in accordance with
OECD Standard Test Code
Certification as per CMVR
Exhaust Gases Mass Emission TestSlide16
Objectives of Testing:
Assess their functional suitability & performance characteristics under different agro climatic conditions so that the published test results would help in
- Selection of machinery,
- To determine the comparative
performance.
- Form basis for standard
specifications.
- Help financial Institutions.
- Provide material to researchers/designers.
To explore the possibility of their introduction in the Country.Slide17
Objectives of Testing:
To maintain check over the quality through “Batch Testing” .To protect user’s interest.
Assist the manufacturers in the product improvement
Facilitate updating the specifications
To provide feedback to the manufacturers through “Users’ Survey”
To promote export of agricultural machines,
To test/inspect, for issuance of certificate under Central Motor Vehicle Rules (CMVR).
To assist Bureau of Indian Standards Slide18
Achievements:
Total 4255 machines have been tested by FMTTI’S and 3586 by other designated testing centersSlide19
Scenario of TractorsTractor manufacturing in India started with foreign collaborations in the year 1961.
Most of such collaborations were from Eastern European Countries. The Imported Tractors as such were not found to be suitable.
Gradually technologies developed with indigenous know-how.
With the constructive efforts, the imported/indigenous tractors developed to suite to our conditions. Slide20
Scenario of Tractors (Role of Budni Institute)
For development/modifications of product according to our requirements.
Started Confidential
and
Commercial Tests
.
Batch Tests
were initiated in
1973
for effective and continuous quality control.To enhance export market for Indian product, OECD Tests introduced in 1988. This effort has gradually brought the product more versatile suiting to our agro-climatic conditions.Slide21
Transformations on Tractors
Improved durabilityOptimized cooling system
Tractor developed in lower horsepower range
Modified to suit upland and low-land operations
Norms of SFC is enforced
Published Blue Book
Optimization of gearbox.
Enhance the human safety
and comfort.
Emission norms are enforced.Slide22
Fuel Efficiency Norms
PTO Power
Max. Specific Fuel Consumptions
HP
kW
g/
pto-hph
g/
pto
-kWhUp to 2518.420527926-3519.1 to 25.720027236-5526.5-40.4195265Above 5641.2185252Slide23
Improvement in SFC after enforcement of
SFC norms
Previous Model
Existing Model
SFC (g/pto-kWh)
% Improvement in SFC
Before Norms
After Norms
TAFE MF 1035
TAFE MF 1035 DI31124321.9HMT-3511HMT- 3511 EDI30125415.6Mahindra B275Mahindra B275 DI32125719.9FordFarmtrac29725314.8Slide24
Emission Norms for Tractors
Category
Applicable from
CO
HC + NOx
PM
(g/kWh)
<8kW
1-4-2010
5.58.5
0.8
8<=kW<19
1-4-2010
5.5
8.5
0.8
19<=kW<37
1-4-2010
5.5
7.5
0.8
37<=kW<56
1-4-2011
5.0
4.7
0.4
56<=kW<75
1-4-2011
5.0
4.7
0.4
75<=kW<130
1-4-2011
5.0
4.0
0.3
130<=kW<560
1-4-2011
3.5
4.0
0.2Slide25
Improvement in SFC after enforcement of emission norms
Previous Model
(Before 2010)
Existing Model
(After 2010)
SFC (g/pto-kWh)
% Improvement in SFC
Before Norms
(Trem III A )
After Norms (Trem III A)ACE DI 350ACE DI 350 +2732672.20SONALIKA INT. DI 60 CM
SONALIKA INT. DI 60 RX MM
267
247
7.49
SAME
DEUTZ-FAHR 3035E
273
263
3.66
MAHINDRA 475 DI
MAHINDRA 575 DI POWER +
264
243
7.95
SHAKTIMAAN 45
SHAKTIMAAN 45 DLX
278
267
3.95Slide26
Significance of Testing
By intensive testing & certification, the Tractor Industry has become self sufficient and commercialized at global level.Now, our country is sharing 13.5% export market.
The tractor Industry scenario has been so standardized that, even Small Scale Industries started manufacturing of tractors. Slide27
Transformations on Power TillersImproved durability
Optimized cooling systemDeveloped in higher horsepower range
Matching equipment's developed.Norms of SFC is enforced
Emerged with Fuel Economy models
and reduction in SFC by
23.8%
.
MPS & Emission norms are enforced.
Batch Tests for effective and continuous quality control is enforced.
Please ClickSlide28
Emission Norms for Power Tillers
Parameters
Bharat (Trem) Stage II norms
Bharat (Trem) Stage III norms
g/kWh
Mass of Carbon Monoxide (CO)
9.0
5.5
Mass of Hydro Carbons (HC) + Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
15.09.5Mass of Particulate Matter (PM)1.00.8Slide29
Tips for Systematic Mechanization The designer/manufacturer should consider all available relevant Standards for incorporation at the conceptual development stage itself.
The performance of prototype should be ensured by endurance testing to determine the objectives.
Successful prototypes, should be offered to National testing authority for evaluated as per the Standards.
The commercial production of the machine should bring forth the recommendations / modifications suggested by testing authority.Slide30
Tips for Systematic Mechanization To have a no-defect product, the manufacturer should offer the product regularly for Batch Tests.
Tractors, Power Tillers & Combine Harvesters should only be accepted for any financing assistance if the product have valid Test Reports & CMVR Certificates
.Need to Introduction & commercialization of:
Paddy & Vegetable
Transplanters
,
Machine for intercultural operation – Power
weeders
Self-propelled reapers & Paddy/Multi-crop Threshers
Ear-head feeding type combines andCrop Specific Farm Machinery Please ClickPlease ClickSeeSlide31
Tips for Systematic Mechanization Testing/quality control of farm machinery is a specific task, needs full dedication & can not be done by outsourcing or other mode.
This needs for strengthening of all FMTTI’s & single window system shall be introduced. New FMTTIs at region/state level shall be established.
Need to organize, Small Scale Sector Farm Machinery Industries at State Levels on the lines TMA, PTMA and Combine Manufacturers’ Association to represent the Industry at various levels.Slide32
Tips for Systematic Mechanization All Central and State Government Agencies responsible for selection of Farm machinery under different subsidy schemes should recommend only certified/tested machines to avoid percolation of non-standard products into the market.Slide33
Conclusion
To develop a no-defect product, the role of Testing at various stages of development is paramount. The overall performance derived during internal testing by the designer/ manufacturer will not be sufficient for commercialization of product.
It is a fact that the product cannot be evaluated impartially by the manufacturer/designer themselves.
They may act partially to establish
degree of deviation from standardized limits/norms from Basic standards, Product standards and Safety standards.
Slide34
ConclusionThe user will not generally rely on the claims of the manufacturer/designer even the performance of the product is par excellence to standardized products.
To overcome the hurdles in the way of commercialization of farm machinery:Get the product verified and evaluated by an impartial authorized Testing Authority before launching it in to the market.
The modified machine emerged after amalgamating the suggestions of Testing Authority will be a no-defect machine and become valid for commercialization.Slide35
ConclusionThe test reports published by the National Testing Authority will be a valid one on national as well as international level.
The certification of product has played a vital role in commercialization of Tractor, Power Tiller and Combine Harvester. Slide36
ConclusionBy means of Formulation of Minimum Performance Standards, which facilitate easy identification of efficient machine, financial support to manufacturers and users, provides data sources to designer and protects users’ interest.
From the above it is concluded that the Testing and Certification of Machinery by an impartial authorized agency is a Fundamental Step towards Commercialization.
For SAGYSlide37