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S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 Sp慴楡氠d楳t物扵tionf慭浡牡礠敭楳獩o渠f牯m 祯畮木楳栩異敲湯癡敭n慮ts 却数桥n P.⁒eyn潬摳ⰠN䌠却ate U. G347.3ⴰ.5 ⡡歡 R堠䨱713⤠⡈.䔮匮匮 2007) ICC䵂 model ⠱ Te嘩 I. C污獳e猠of Te嘠獵pernova remnants II. What can we 汥arn w楴h 獰at楡氠楮format楯n? III. Model楮g 楮homogeneous sour捥s S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 T敖 s異e牮ov愠牥m湡湴猠⡓乒s) ㄮ Old敲 SNR猠i湴敲慣ti湧 wit栠d敮獥 m潬散畬慲 条猺 桥r攬 圵ㄠ捯m灬數 (MAGIC; Alek獩 +㈰ㄲ). M慹 i湶olv攠 敳ca灩湧 CR猠慨敡搠潦 s桯ck ㈮ P畬獡rwi湤 湥b畬慥 (湯t 灲潰敲l礠SNR猩 (HESS t敡m ㈰ㄲ) ㌮ Yo畮木i獨) SNRs i渠l潷 摥nsity r敧i潮猺 f慳t s桯捫s, 湥wl礠慣捥l敲at敤 灡rticl敳 (V敬愠Jr.: HESS t敡m ㈰〷) S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 † †† †††††† H⹅⹓.S⸠潢s敲v敳‴桥ll SNR猠慴⁔eV 敮er杩es 䜳4㜮㌭〮5 噥l愠䩲. R䍗‸6 华‱0〶 R体AT ASCA S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 Cas A Tycho ⸮.慮d⁖ERITAS渠瑨eo牴h S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 ††††††† †† M慸im畭 °ȃȄԆȇ°μ́ࠆ∝∝ਇμ °θฏ°ဎขlȄဒμഃ° Di晦u獩on㨠 晰‽ ° 捯浭onl礠as獵浥d,o ‱/° Rapid捣elera瑩on 景爠high (獨o捫⤮ ⁃u瑯f晳: 1⸠ge ⡯ri穥⤠o映牥mnan琺† max (獨o捫) 2 1 2⸠a捫映sca瑴eringbo癥ome ⡍HD⤺ max 3⸠adia瑩veo獳e猠(ele捴牯n猠onl礩㨠 max (獨o捫⤠ 1/2 1/2 䥮lla獥s,a獩l礠rea捨‱0₱‱00⁔eV. So ob獥r癩ngrequenc礠a琠whi捨 獰e捴牵洠rolls晦 gi癥猠in景r浡tionn 牥mnan琠p牯pe牴ie献 † S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 剡摩a瑩癥⁰牯捥獳敳 One hadronic proce獳: deca礮 Only potential evidence for cosmicray ion猠in SNR献 Distinguishing feature: 70 MeV “bump.” Three leptonic proce獳es. Synchrotron radiation: Important from radio to soft Xrays. Flux fixe猠only combination of magnetic field, electron energ礠density Bremsstrahlung: Can be important from 獯ft Xray to TeV. Constrained above 100 MeV where same electrons produce radio s祮chrotron Inver獥Compton: Pre獥nt wherever relati癩獴ic ele捴rons are present through ICCMB. Detection gi癥s electron energy directly, allows inference of B from 獹nchrotron fluxe献 All of these 浡y cont物bute to highene牧y photon emission f牯m SNRs S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 W桡琠捡渠w攠l敡r渠晲潭瑵摹ing畣栠潢j散瑳? Require knowing whether TeV emis獩on i猠from pion decay or inver獥Compton emi獳ion ( hadronic or leptonic ) (or even bremsstrahlung 1. Firm up evidence for ion acceleration and its properties 2. Find ma硩mum (ion) energies: not limited by radiative losses 3. Con獴rain other shock physics: effi捩ency? dependence on other ph祳i捡l parameters: shock velo捩ty, shock obliquity 4. Test diffusion models 5. Infer magnetic field, filling factor S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 呹p楣a氠獰ectra氠calcu污t楯n: homogeneous source Par慭整敲s: magn整icfi敬d 獴r敮gth (f潲 s祮捨r潴r潮 敭i獳io温 numb敲 敦fici敮cy (fracti潮 潦 t桥rm慬 i潮猠t桡t 来t 慣cel敲慴敤) 歟e: r敬慴ivi獴i挠敬散tron/ion r慴io (1 GeV CR猠慴 Earth: ~〮〲) ma硩mum 敮敲gy for ions (s整 批 , 摩ff畳ion 捯敦fi捩敮t, 獨潣k 癥l潣it礬 r敭湡nt 慧e, si穥) ma硩mum 敮敲gy for 敬散trons (摩ff敲敮t if limit敤 批 r慤i慴ive los獥猩 卩浰汩獴i挠p慲瑩捬攠s灥捴牡㨠s楮g汥⁰o睥爭污睳 w楴栠數p潮e湴楡氠捵瑯晦猠 S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 Ty灩捡l湥z潮攠晩瑳⁴漠r慤i漠—呥V扳敲癡瑩o湳 䵡湤敬慲t稠☠Tj畳′〱㌠慲塩瘺1㌰1⸲㐳㝶1 S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 H慺慲dsfn攭zo湥 ꩺe牯ⵄ먩 浯摥汳 Radio image (1.4 GHz, ATCA) of G347.30.5 S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 H慺慲摳fn攭zo湥 ⢪ze牯ⵄ먩 浯摥汳 Radio image (1.4 GHz, ATCA) of G347.30.5, with ROSAT contour Poor correlation of radio, Xray 獨ould give pause to attempts to fit a uniformsource model! Sparse nature of radio synchrotron may suggest small filling fa捴or for H.䔮匮匮 i浡ge (2007) S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 Why m楧ht 睥 expect spat楡l variation猿 1. Rad楡氠癡r楡t楯n猠are 捥rtain汹 expe捴ed (e.g., steep drop 楮 dens楴礠to睡rd 楮ter楯r of Sedo瘠 blast wa癥) 2. Even round remnants 捡n ha癥 污rge den獩t礠variat楯ns out獩de! T祣桯 i渠Xr慹s C桡湤ra T祣桯 慴 ㈴ S灩瑺敲 ; Willi慭猫㈰ㄳ) D敮獩t礠扥桩湤⁔yc桯's b污獴⁷慶e 癡物es by 晡c瑯r ~ 10 条畧e搠批⁴e浰e牡瑵牥 潦 獨o捫e慴敤u獴⤮† S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 Spat楡氠癡r楡tions II: Magnetic ob汩qu楴y SNR encountering uniform magneti挠field: 獨o捫 velocit礠makes 癡rying obliquit礠angle Bn with upstream magnetic field. Quasipa牡llel shocks are e硰e捴ed to allow easier injection of particles into shoc欠acceleration. But quasipe牰endicula爠 shocks may allow 浯牥 牡pid accele牡tion to high energie献 At the lea獴, is la牧e爠by shock co浰牥ssion 牡tio where Bn 縠90 (fa捴or 4, larger for efficient 獨o捫s). Influences acceleration rate, radiativeloss rates. S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 Va物慴楯n映r潬l潦映f牥q略ncy w楴hzi浵瑨 䵩c敬i etl.′0〹⁁♁Ⱐ5〱Ⱐ㈳9:† 塍䴭乥wton Rolloff frequen捹 varies by fa捴or 縱0; highe獴 where rims are brightest Not 捬ear if highrolloff rims are poles or equator! But strong variation in maximum energies i猠clearl礠required. S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 Pre癩ous 睯rk: s祮捨rotron, I䍃MB with obl楱u楴ydependen捥 SPR ㄹ9㠺 ㄠGHz D祥r+0ㄺ ㄠTeV ICCMB Orl慮摯+㈰1ㄺ MHD + 癡rio畳 慳獵m灴i潮s 慢o畴 潢liq畩tyd数敮摥湣e 潦 i湪散tion S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 䥭慧攠m潤敬i湧琠ㄠT敖㨠慤r潮ic 䉥獨汥y ☠健瑲畫′〱㈺†浯摥l猠景爠华‱0〶 慴‱⁔e嘮†䅳獵浥 捯n獴a湴 䈠桯物穯湴慬⸠ 呯p 牯w:ⁱ畡獩⵰a牡汬敬湪e捴i潮.†䉯t瑯m 牯w:†q畡獩⵰敲灥湤楣畬慲⸠ S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 ⸮湤⁶敲礠r散敮瑬y Ferrand et al. 2014 arXiv:1405.0614: Couple nonlinear shock model to 3D h祤rodynami捳. Here: 0.01 – 10 TeV integrated ICCMB emission . Left column: no shock modification b礠cosmic ray献 Top row: no extra amplification of magnetic field. S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 Ex灬ori湧 spatial/s灥ctral variati潮s: spher楣al汹 s祭metr楣 (1䐩 mode汳 of bremsstrahlung, I䌬 decay Assume a dynamical subst牡te : here Sedov dynamics At shock, endow each fluid element with population of 牥lativistic ions and elect牯ns (may depend on obliquity) Calculate 浡xi浵洠ene牧y mi fo爠ions based on remnant age or e獣ape (free parameter) Calculate 浡xi浵洠elect牯n ene牧y me from radiati癥 losses, if lower than mi Evolve pa牴icle dist物butions behind the shock due to adiabatic e硰ansion, radiative lo獳es on electrons Calculate 浯del i浡ges with rasterscan of lineofsight integrations of emis獩癩ties for all four proce獳es Integrate over image for spatially integ牡ted spect牵m Magnetic field may va特 a牯und 物洺 “1.5 D” 浯del (dynamics don't 捡re) S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 An楳otrop楣 d楦fusion: quas椭perpendicu污r favor楴ism Along field: assume “Bohmlike” diffusion, mfp gyroradius with proportionality constant . A捲oss field lines, expect ηଌ 1. So have different parallel and perpendi捵lar diffusion coefficients if η > 1 (and mean field is well ordered). Combine: °∝ [r c/3](捯s 2 Bn + sin 2 Bn /(1 + )) Additional obliquitydependence from different upstream and downstream residence times. Result: a捣eleration time猠can easily 癡ry by fa捴or of 10 around SNR shoc欮 S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 Potent楡氠effects of var楡t楯ns of B, acce汥ration t業e Synch牯t牯n 牡diation: clear morphologi捡l effects. Spectrum rolloff” i猠go癥rned by maximum energy. But e癥n if B i猠not involved in emissivit礬 獥e effect猺 IC: Not only lo捡tion of IC peak, but po獳ible suppre獳ion from KleinNishina effe捴猠(highe獴energ礠electrons, where photon energ礠in electron re獴frame ~ : effect猠become significant for E 㸠30 TeV). Highestenergy IC emission is reduced. 0 decay e浩ssion: Higher maximum energy mean猠spectrum e硴ends further. S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 S潭攠敡rl礠r敳畬瑳㨠⁉⸠⁉m慧敳琠〠M敖 Bㄠ= 10 ⴴ Bㄠ= 3 x ⴶ 扲em獳tra桬畮g IC from CMB 灨潴潮猠 Uniform up獴ream magnetic field B1 in plane of sky, vertical. v ~ 3000 歭/献 S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 ⸮湤琠ㄠT敖 扲em獳tra桬畮g IC from CMB 灨潴潮猠 B1 = 4 B1 = ㌠砠 6 S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 B1 = 4 B1 = ㌠x ⴶ T潴慬 im慧攠〠M敖 Spectra氠獨apes and tota氠images can vary with T潴慬 im慧攠ㄠT敖 S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 ㄠT敖, 摯mi湡瑥d ㄠT敖,⁉C摯mi湡t敤 C潮瑲a獴i湧慤i慬⁰r潦il敳 S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 䥮瑥杲慴敤灥捴r愠捡渠摩晦erub獴慮瑩慬ly R慮来 潦 捯湤iti潮s 慴 diff敲敮t 灯獩tio湳 獵灥r灯獥s 摩ff敲敮t sp散tr愮 H敲e, i湴敧rat敤 獰散trum 潦 i湶敲獥C潭灴潮 捯m灯湥湴 摩ff敲s 摲astically 扥tw敥渠 桯m潧e湥潵s 慮搠ㄮ㔭D m潤敬s. S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 Can bremsstrahlung ever dominate at 1 TeV? Need high relativistic electron/ion ratio (CRs at 1 GeV: ~ 0.02; need 㸠0.15 here). But then, yes. (Model: B1 㴠10 G, = 10 cm 3 .) S散潮搠Works桯瀠o渠䝡l慣tic P桹sic猠wit栠VERITAS † † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† † ††† ⁍慹‸,′〱4 C潮c汵獩潮sn搠愠睡牮i湧 1. TeV studies of 祯ung SNRs 捡n gi癥 important information on the physics of particle a捣eleration to high energie猬 and on the conditions in SNR献 2. There are good reasons to expect both radial and azimuthal inhomogeneities in these SNRs. 3. Such inhomogeneities can produce 獵b獴antially different integrated spectra as well as morphologies. 4. Modeling these inhomogeneities is just beginning. More sophisticated ac捥leratedparti捬e 獰e捴ra need to be merged with modeling of spatial variations. 5. Spatiall礠resolved TeV 獰e捴ro獣opy ma礠be needed to unravel these comple硩ties!