Presented By Mr Guy Gribble General Manager International Flight Resources LLC They Are The Same Only Different Departures Holding Arrival Maneuvering Approaches Missed Approaches TERPS ID: 733379
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Slide1
TERPS vs. PANS-Ops
Instrument Procedure Design and Operational Differences
Presented ByMr. Guy GribbleGeneral Manager, International Flight Resources, LLCSlide2
They Are The Same, Only Different
DeparturesHolding
Arrival ManeuveringApproachesMissed ApproachesTERPS vs. PANS-OpsSlide3
They Are The Same, Only Different
Physics, Aerodynamics, MathematicsUnits of Measure
US Customary Units vs. MetersConversions ?Rounding of NumbersFix Tolerances and AccuracyFlight Technical ErrorsTERPS vs. PANS-OpsSlide4
Who is In Charge Here ? State (Country)
Aeronautical Information Publication, AIPFlight Check, Maintain
Publish, ReviseDesign CriteriaStandard design developmentRole of the Procedure DesignerPilot operational proceduresICAO, International Civil Aviation OrganizationSARPS vs. DocumentsTERPS vs. PANS-OpsSlide5
Where Does This Data Come From ? State (Country)
Commercial Provider
WGS-84 Compliant ?AirportCountrySomewhere ?TERPS vs. PANS-OpsSlide6
Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc
.
Not to be used for navigation.
Russia
China
IndiaSlide7
Standard Instrument Departure “Normal” Operations
Maintain the Ground TrackMaintain the Required Climb Gradient
TERPS vs. PANS-OpsXXX
X
X
XSlide8
TERPS
vs.
Pans-Ops
vs.
FAR
25
Standard Instrument Departure
Vertically Speaking
Departure End Of Runway
DER
15?
1,500 Feet AFL
5 M
MSA
35 Ft ?
MSASlide9
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Standard Instrument Departure
If straight out will not work…
Climb faster over obstacle
Turn away from obstacle
Keep in sight, “See and avoid”
Climb in a safe sector away from obstacle
Speed limiting
Combinations of any of the above
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XSlide10
152
Feet per NM OCS
48 Feet per NM ROC 200 FEET PER NMDER
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Standard Instrument Departure
Climb Faster Over
O
bstacle
Requires 350'/NM Until Reaching MSA
Maintain 4.3% Until Reaching 1700MSL
MSA
35 Ft ?
.8% MOC
3.3%
2.5
% OIS
MSA
5 MSlide11
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Standard Instrument Departure
Turn Away From Obstacle
≈ 2 NM
Initial Climb Area
≈ 3.5 KM
Area 1
500' 500'
15˚ SplaySlide12
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Standard Instrument Departure
Turn Away From Obstacle
≈ 2 NM
Initial Climb Area
≈ 3.5 KM
Area 1
500' 500'
15˚ SplaySlide13
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Standard Instrument Departure,
TERPS
Keep in Sight and Tell Pilot to "See and Avoid"
15˚ MAX
Take Off Minimums
800/2
Visual Climb Over Airport
Hazard Beacons on top of hill to the east
clearly visible or Take Off Minimums
6
00/
1
XSlide14
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
15˚ MAX
No Departure Turns East
Diverse Departure Evaluation
X
25 or 46 NM
Standard Instrument Departure,
TERPS
Climb in a Safe SectorSlide15
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
X
Standard Instrument Departure,
PANS-Ops
Climb in a Safe SectorSlide16
No Turns Eastbound
X
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Standard Instrument Departure,
PANS-Ops
Climb in a Safe SectorSlide17
Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation.
TERPS
vs. PANS-Ops
Standard Instrument Departure
“Minimum
Safe
Altitude”, MSA
TERPSSlide18
Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation.
TERPS
vs. PANS-Ops
Standard Instrument Departure
“Minimum
Sector
Altitude”, MSA
PANS-OpsSlide19
Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation.
TERPS
vs. PANS-Ops
Standard Instrument Departure
“Minimum
Safe
Altitude”, MSA
PANS-OpsSlide20
TERPS
vs.
PANS-OpsTERPS vs. PANS-Ops
Holding
Timing
PANS-Ops
TERPS
>
1
4
,0
0
0
=
1.
5
M
i
n
u
t
e
≤
1
4,
0
0
0
=
1
M
i
n
u
t
eSlide21
>14,000 =
240>
6,000≤ 14,000 = 220 KIAS ≤ 6,000 = 210TERPS vs. PANS-Ops
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Holding
Speeds
>
3
4,000
=
IMN.83
>20,000
≤ 34,000
=
265 KIAS
>
14,000
≤ 20,000
=
240 KIAS
≤ 14,000
=
230 KIAS
PANS-Ops
TERPS
265
230
/
210KIAS
200 KIASSlide22
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Holding
Evaluated AirspaceSlide23
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Definitions and Use of
Entry Procedures
Evaluated Airspace
Obstacle Clearance
Speeds
Selection of Turn
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Arrivals and Maneuvering ProceduresSlide24
Holding
I
n lieu ofTeardrop10 NM Limit80/26045/180
Racetrack
Base Turn
Turn point
Entry Sector
80/260
45/180
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Arrivals and Maneuvering ProceduresSlide25
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Arrivals and Maneuvering Procedures,
TERPS
Entry ProcedureSlide26
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Arrivals and Maneuvering Procedures,
PANS-Ops
Entry Sector DefinedSlide27
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Arrivals and Maneuvering Procedures,
PANS-Ops
"Omni-Directional" DefinedSlide28
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Evaluated Airspace Intermediate Segment,
TERPSSlide29
4.6 km
(2.5 NM)
4.6 km
(2.5 NM)
1 min./45-180
Procedure turn area
Secondary area
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Evaluated Airspace Intermediate
Segment
,
PANS-OpsSlide30
All = 14.29˚ SPLAY
VOR = 7.8˚ SPLAY
NDB
= 10.3˚ SPLAY
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Evaluated Airspace Final
Segment
, Non-PrecisionSlide31
350
No Final Approach Fix 300
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Approach Procedures
300
Final
Approach
Fix
250
200
Precision Approach
200Slide32
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Arrivals and Maneuvering Procedures
SpeedsSlide33
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Arrivals and Maneuvering Procedures
SpeedsSlide34
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Visual Approaches and Visual Maneuvering
Definition of
Use for
Evaluated Airspace
OCA/ROC
Speeds
Visual Aids and Cues
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XSlide35
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
"Visual" vs. Circle-to-Land
Definition of
Use for
Evaluated Airspace
OCA/ROC
Speeds
Visual Aids and Cues
MDA vs. Descent Point
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XSlide36
394
‘
AFL
300
‘
AFL
“
C
”
4.2 NM
“
D
”
5.28 NM
“
C
”
2.68
NM
“
D
”
3.49
NM
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Circling Approaches and Maneuvering
1.7 NM
2.3 NMSlide37
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Circling Approaches and Maneuvering
Pans-Ops
Acft
Cat
Min
Vis MOC/HAA
Max
Speed/ºAOB 2 x Radius + Straight
C
2.0
NM
394
/ 591 ft
180
KIAS/20º 3.70+.5 =
4.20 NM
D
2.5
NM
394
/ 689 ft
205
KIAS/20º 4.68+.6 =
5.28
NM
TERPS
OEA Radius +
Acft
Cat
Min Vis ROC/HAA
Max
Speed/ºAOB
Straight=CAR*
C
1 ½ SM 300/ 450 ft 145 KIAS/20º 2.18+.5 =
2.68 NM
D
2.0 SM 300/ 550 ft 165 KIAS/20º 2.89+.6 = 3.49 NM
With Change #21 and later, At 1000’MSL, ISA Standard and 25KTS of added wind. Visibility in Statue Miles OEA= Obstacle Evaluated Area, CAR
= Circling Area Radius (1.3NM Minimum)Slide38
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Circling Approaches and Maneuvering
Pans-Ops
Acft
Cat
Min
Vis MOC/HAA
Max Speed/ºAOB 2 x Radius + Straight
C
2.0
NM
394
/ 591 ft
180
KIAS/20º 3.70+.5 =
4.20 NM
D
2.5
NM
394
/ 689
ft 205
KIAS/20º 4.68+.6 =
5.28
NM
TERPS
OEA Radius +
Acft
Cat
Min Vis ROC/HAA
Max
Speed/ºAOB
Straight=CAR*
C
1 ½ SM 300/ 450 ft 145 KIAS/20º 2.18+.5 =
2.68 NM
D 2.0 SM 300/ 550 ft 165 KIAS/20º 2.89+.6 = 3.49
NMWith Change #21 and later, At 1000’MSL, ISA Standard and 25KTS of added wind. Visibility in Statue Miles OEA
= Obstacle Evaluated Area, CAR= Circling Area Radius (1.3NM Minimum)Slide39
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Circling Approaches and Maneuvering
Pans-Ops
Acft
Cat
Min
Vis MOC/HAA
Max
Speed/ºAOB 2 x Radius + Straight
C
2.0
NM
394
/ 591 ft
180
KIAS/20º 3.70+.5 =
4.20 NM
D
2.5
NM
394
/ 689 ft
205
KIAS/20º 4.68+.6 =
5.28
NM
TERPS
OEA Radius +
Acft
Cat
Min
Vis ROC/HAA
Max
Speed/ºAOB
Straight=CAR*
C 1 ½ SM 300/ 450 ft 145 KIAS/20º 2.18+.5 =
2.68 NM D 2.0 SM
300/ 550 ft 165 KIAS/20º 2.89+.6 = 3.49 NM
With Change #21 and later, At 1000’MSL, ISA Standard and 25KTS of added wind. Visibility in Statue Miles OEA= Obstacle Evaluated Area, CAR= Circling Area Radius (1.3NM Minimum)Slide40
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Circling Approaches and Maneuvering
Pans-Ops
Acft
Cat
Min
Vis MOC/HAA
Max
Speed/ºAOB 2 x Radius + Straight
C
2.0
NM
394
/ 591
ft
180
KIAS/20º 3.70+.5 =
4.20 NM
D
2.5
NM
394
/ 689 ft
205
KIAS/20º 4.68+.6 =
5.28
NM
TERPS
OEA Radius +
Acft
Cat
Min Vis ROC/HAA Max
Speed/ºAOB Straight=CAR* C
1 ½ SM 300/ 450 ft 145 KIAS/20º 2.18+.5 = 2.68 NM
D
2.0 SM 300/ 550 ft 165 KIAS/20º 2.89+.6 = 3.49 NMWith Change #21 and later, At 1000’MSL, ISA Standard and 25KTS of added wind. Visibility in Statue Miles OEA
= Obstacle Evaluated Area, CAR= Circling Area Radius (1.3NM Minimum
)Slide41
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Circling Approaches and Maneuvering
Pans-Ops
Acft
Cat
Min
Vis MOC/HAA
Max Speed/ºAOB 2 x Radius + Straight
C
2.0
NM
394
/ 591
ft
180
KIAS
/
20º
3.70+.5 =
4.20 NM
D
2.5
NM
394
/ 689
ft
205
KIAS
/
20º
4.68+.6 = 5.28 NM
TERPS OEA Radius +
Acft Cat Min Vis ROC/HAA Max Speed/ºAOB
Straight=CAR* C
1 ½ SM 300/ 450 ft 145 KIAS/20º 2.18+.5 = 2.68 NM
D 2.0 SM
300/ 550 ft 165 KIAS/20º 2.89+.6 = 3.49 NMWith Change #
21 and later, At 1000’MSL, ISA Standard and 25KTS of added wind. Visibility in Statue Miles OEA= Obstacle Evaluated Area, CAR= Circling Area Radius (1.3NM Minimum)Slide42
TERPS
vs.
PANS-Ops
Circling Approaches and Maneuvering
Pans-Ops
Acft
Cat
Min
Vis MOC/HAA
Max Speed/ºAOB 2 x Radius + Straight
C
2.0
NM
394
/ 591 ft
180
KIAS
/
20º
3.70+.5 =
4.20 NM
D
2.5
NM
394
/ 689 ft
205
KIAS
/
20º
4.68+.6 =
5.28
NM
TERPS
OEA Radius + Acft
Cat Min Vis ROC/HAA Max Speed/ºAOB Straight=CAR*
C 1 ½ SM
300/ 450 ft 145 KIAS/20º 2.18+.5 = 2.68 NM D
2.0
SM 300/ 550 ft
165 KIAS/20º 2.89+.6 = 3.49 NMWith Change #21 and later, At 1000’MSL, ISA Standard and 25KTS of added wind. Visibility in Statue Miles OEA= Obstacle Evaluated Area, CAR
= Circling Area Radius (1.3NM Minimum)Slide43
Reproduced with permission of
Jeppesen
Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation.Slide44
Reproduced with permission of
Jeppesen
Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation.Slide45
Azores
GermanyReproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation.
Greece
South Korea
Japan
Canada
Mexico
Venezuela
Saudi ArabiaSlide46
Intermediate Missed Approach
TERPS
vs. PANS-Ops
Missed Approach Procedures
Missed Approach
Requires 3.7% ClimbSlide47
Intermediate Missed Approach
TERPS
vs. PANS-Ops
Missed Approach ProceduresSlide48
TERPS vs. PANS-Ops
Instrument Procedure Design and Operational Differences
Presented ByMr. Guy GribbleGeneral Manager, International Flight Resources, LLC
www.InternationalFlightResources.com