And its effects on our planet Earth What is the Atmosphere The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet Earths atmosphere consists of 5 major layers Troposphere Stratosphere ID: 426924
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "The Atmosphere" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
The Atmosphere
And its effects on our planet EarthSlide2
What is the Atmosphere
?
The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet
.Earth’s atmosphere consists of 5 major layersTroposphereStratosphereMesosphereThermosphereExosphereThe Earth's atmosphere is more than just the air we breathe. It's also a buffer that keeps us from being peppered by meteorites, a screen against deadly radiation, and the reason radio waves can be bounced for long distances around the planet.
IonosphereSlide3Slide4
TROPOSPHERE
Lowest part of the earth’s atmosphere
Just below the Tropopause
Direct contact with the earth’s surfaceContains approximately 80% of the atmospheric massContains approximately 99% of water vapor and aerosols*Temperature decreases as altitude rises*aerosols typically are colloids, solid particles or liquid drops in air or another gas. Examples haze, dust, smoke, air pollutantsSlide5
STRATOSPHERE
Located above the Troposphere and below the Mesosphere
Has a temperature inversion
Contains the Ozone (O3) Layer, where much of O3 is producedTemperature increases as altitude risesSeparated from Troposphere by the TropopauseMajor UVA, UVB, and UVC chemical reactions occur hereBacterial life survives here and some birds can fly in the lower levels
Bar-headed Goose
Anser
indicus
Rüppell’s
Vulture
Gyps
RueppelliSlide6
MESOPHERE
Directly above the
Stratopause
and under the MesopauseTemperature decreases as altitude risesMost meteors melt or vaporize due to collisions with gas particles
Most poorly understood layer of the atmosphere
Optical phenomenon such as
airglow
and night glow
occur hereSlide7
THERMOSPHERE
Above the
Mesophere and below the ExosphereUV causes Ionization here
Temperature increases as altitude rises can rise to 2000 ◦CRadiation causes particles to become electrically charged causing radio waves to be reflectedAuroras and Solar Wind occur hereSlide8
EXOSPHERE
Atmosphere here is thin and basically merges with interplanetary space
Major gases here are He, H, CO
2, and OBarometric Conditions no longer apply in the lower boundaryAbove this layer temperature becomes nearly constantSlide9
IONOSPHERE
Made up of parts of the mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere
Ionized by solar radiation and plays a major role in atmospheric electricity
Makes up the inner edge of the magnetosphereHas different layers that change with night and dayGeomagnetic Storms occur in the ionosphereSlide10Slide11
The Wind
Wind is caused by differences in atmospheric pressure
Wind moves from areas of high pressure to low pressure
The differential heating between the equator and the poles and the rotation of the Earth are two major driving factors.Slide12
Coriolis Effect
Coriolis force deflects these winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.Slide13Slide14
Ocean Currents
Continuous, directed movements of sea water caused by wind, Coriolis effect, mean flow, waves breaking,
cabbeling, differences in temperature and salinity, and gravitational pull from the sun and moon
Ocean currents are responsible for affecting temperatures throughout the worldSlide15Slide16
El Nino
El Nino Lecture
El Nino
El Nino 2
Significance of
Prochlorococcus
Prochlorococcus
is a marine
cyanobacterium which can
harvest light without the useof chloroplasts. It is the mostabundant photosynthetic organism on earth.
I can harvest light with no chloroplastSlide17
Temperature Inversion
Temperature Inversion VideoSlide18
The Rain Shadow Effect
Rainshadow
Effect VideoSlide19
Weather vs. Climate
The Ocean: Driving Force for Weather and Climate