Things to KNOW, Things to DO - PDF document

Things to KNOW, Things to DO Office of the High Representative Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (UN-OHRLLS) TABLE OF CONTENTS About the Landlocked Developing Countries Fundamental transit policy issues International Support Measures 8–1314–1516–1718–20 to seaborne trade, LLDCs Þ nd themselves on remoteness from major markets and difÞ cult inefÞ cient logistics systems and weak costs. Such severe difÞ culties are ampliÞ ed but have also major ramiÞ cations for social investment inß ows and merchandise imports inefÞ ciencies constitute important barriers to and a non-diversiÞ ed export structure Ð typically and mining commodities Ð making them highly greater difÞ culties than coastal countries in their efforts to proÞ t from trade opportunities border delays and inefÞ ciencies, continued efforts are needed to make trade ß ows There are 31 LLDCs, home to more than 400 million people. They are geographically global framework for developing efÞ cient difÞ culties and support their efforts to eradicate a. secure access to and from the sea by b. reduce costs and improve services so as to increase the competitiveness of their exports; c. reduce the delivered costs of imports; d. address problems of delays and e. develop adequate national networks; f. reduce loss, damage and deterioration g. open the way for export expansion; h. improve safety of road transport and The Almaty Programme identiÞ es Þ ve priority areas in which speciÞ c actions are to be Infrastructure development and maintenance PRIORITY 2 3 4 5 The LLDCsÕ right of access to the sea is protected by international conventions, such as the 1958 Geneva Convention on the High promoted on the basis of mutually beneÞ cial major bottlenecks preventing the smooth ß ow of trade include burdensome and inefÞ cient Recent analysis Þ nds that being landlocked Major bottlenecks prevent the ß ow of trade in the LLDCs reduce direct contact with ofÞ cials.FUNDAMENTAL TRANSIT POLICY ISSUES transport and trade to eliminate inefÞ ciencies.In Asia, at established and supported by a growing number for harmonising the norms and standards of the Trans-African Highway is being developed by the Economic Commission Union Commission and the OfÞ ce of the High In South America, regional integration has been deepened through the establishment of the Union of South American Nations, an the regional agreements. The regional time taken by a landlocked developing country to complete export formalities was remarkably reduced by 9 days. The time difÞ culties funding large-scale Þ xed costs PRIORITY 3 4 5 Þ nancial assistance by the international coordinated technical and Þ nancial countries with the Þ nancial support of the trade volumes. In order to overcome these limitations, LLDCs should increasingly seek Þ nancing for integrated trade and transport infrastructure projects transit trafÞ c and therefore leading to its efÞ ciency.dealing with transit trafÞ c in ports. Inland waterways provide transit services to some LLDCs. The Central African region that has the weakest infrastructure network on the African continent intends to scale up development of its inland waterways through outdated and insufÞ cient infrastructure, and numerous non-physical barriers to movement. The Commission plans to improve the physical and regulatory arrangements towards an effective Establish an appropriate legal framework to govern river/lake navigational operations and signiÞ cantly reduce delays.Air transport offers LLDCs a means of avoiding the transit problems associated with overland and overseas freight and low-bulk commodities can support the of trafÞ c rights for freight on scheduled charter ß ight. LLDCs beneÞ t from preferential tariff schemes WTO member means missing out on beneÞ ts, The World Bank Zambia and Zimbabwe have ratiÞ ed the International Convention on the simpliÞ cation inefÞ ciencies are being reduced and trade ß ows made smoother. Between 2005 and INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TRADE FACILITATION cost implications of establishing an efÞ cient transit transport system signiÞ cantly surpass PRIORITY 5 Women in Burkina Faso are working hard to arrest increasing desertiÞ cation countries with Þ nancial and technical Increased international Þ nancial support Action but much remains to be done to Þ ll the enormous Þ nancing gap in infrastructure ß ows of ODA to LLDCs from traditional in 2003, to $25.3 billion in 2010. This reß ects INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT MEASURES for establishing efÞ cient transit transport regarding the speciÞ c actions required to PRIORITY UN Photo IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW the constraints encountered in the Þ rst half review reported signiÞ cant progress: the The Midterm Review Declaration (A/RES/63/2) therefore identiÞ ed concrete in a most, well-structured and broad also designated the OfÞ ce of the High global partnership for establishing efÞ cient The OfÞ ce of the High Representative efÞ cient transit transport systems, on the a view to establishing clear and harmonized regulatory frameworks to promote and support appropriate Þ nancial and technical support to The OfÞ ce of the High Representative should United Nations OfÞ ce of the High Representative for the LDCs, LLDCs and SIDS, United Nations OfÞ ce of the High Representative for the LDCs, LLDCs and SIDS, Africa» Botswana » Burkina Faso » Burundi » Central African Republic » Chad » Ethiopia » Lesotho » MalawiAsia» Afghanistan » Bhutan » Kazakhstan » Kyrgyzstan » Lao PeopleÕs Democratic Rep. » Mongolia » Nepal » Mali » Niger » Rwanda » Swaziland » Uganda » Zambia » Zimbabwe » Tajikistan » Turkmenistan » UzbekistanEurope» Armenia » Azerbaijan » Republic of Moldova » The Former Yugoslav Rep. of MacedoniaSouth America» Bolivia » Paraguay Copyright © United Nations 2013 UN-OHRLLS Floor 32 New York, NY 10017, USA Telephone: (917) 367-6006 Fax: (917) 367-3415 E-mail: OHRLLS-UNHQ@un.org