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FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER NO.1 4 : Forensic Medicine MODULE NO. 31 : Unnatural Sexual Offence & Sexual Perversions SUBJECT FORENSIC SCIENCE Paper No. and Title PAPER No. 14 : Forensic Medicine Module No. and Title MODULE No.31 : Unnatural Sexual Offence & Sexual Perversions Module Tag FSC_P14 _M 31 FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER NO.1 4 : Forensic Medicine MODULE NO. 31 : Unnatural Sexual Offence & Sexual Perversions TABLE OF CONTENTS 1) Learning Outcomes 2) Introduction 3) Unnatural Sexual Offences 4) Sexual Perversions/ Deviations/ Paraphilias 5) Summary FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER NO.1 4 : Forensic Medicine MODULE NO. 31 : Unnatural Sexual Offence & Sexual Perversions 1. Learning Outcomes After studying this module, you shall be able to know about -  Various types of Unnatural Sexual Offences  Examination findings in various types of Unnatural Sexual Offences  Various types of sexual perversions  Medico - legal aspects of Unnatural Sexual Offences & Perversions 2. Introduction “ We cannot all succeed when half of us are held back” . Malala Yousafzai Unnatural sexual offences are described under section 377 IPC, which states that: “Whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman, or animal shall be punished wi th imprisonment for life or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine” 3. Unnatural Sexual Offences 1. Sodomy Sodomy (bugg

ery or Greek love) is the anal intercourse between two men or between a man and a woman. This practice was prevalent in ancient Greek. It derives its name from the historical city of Sodom, where it was supposed to have been practiced.  The main offender in sodomy is called the active agent and the opposite partner is termed as the passive agent.  If the passive agent is a child, the practice is known as paederasty and the passive agent is called catamite. FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER NO.1 4 : Forensic Medicine MODULE NO. 31 : Unnatural Sexual Offence & Sexual Perversions  I f the passive agent is old person then it is termed as gerontophilia.  Prevalence: It is more frequent among the people living in hostels, military barracks, prisoners and sailors who are isolated f rom women for long periods and also commonly seen among poor socio economic status.  Medico - Legal Examination of an Alleged Victim of Sodomy/Buggery:  Preliminaries: Preliminary examinations are almost same like any other medico legal examination. A written requisition from the magistrate or police is required for undergoing exami nation.  Informed consent, duly filled up in front of the witnesses is a must.  Gener al information are registered ( name, age, sex, marital status etc . ).  Detailed history is taken.  General physical examination is done. Gait is looked for, whether painful or normal.  Clothing s are examined for any damage, stains, pubic hair etc.  Local examination: Local examina

tion is done in a knee - elbow position and the following points are noted:  Look for any pain or tenderness during the examination.  Presence of any smears of any lubricant or any loose foreign body .  Presence of perianal abrasion. The severity of the abrasion is dependent on the relative proportion between the size of the penis of the assailant and the anal sphincter of the victim. These are most marked in c hildren.  Presence of peri anal bruising.  Extension of the injuries into the anal canal.  Anal lacerations are usually triangular and based at the external sphincters, with the sides extending horizontally inward, but rarely more than 2 to 3 cms since usually the penile penetrations are limited by the strong contraction of the sphincter ani muscle . These lacerations usually result in bleeding onto the thigh and clothing. FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER NO.1 4 : Forensic Medicine MODULE NO. 31 : Unnatural Sexual Offence & Sexual Perversions  In case of presence of fresh or dried semen in and around the anus, it should be swabbe d properly packed, sealed, labeled and sent through the accompanying police officer to the Forensic Science Laboratory for further serological and microscopical examination.  In case of a victim not habitual to sodomy, a digital examination per annum is ver y painful.  In case of a habitual victim, blood stains may not be visible.  Loose foreign pubic hair or smears of lubricant etc. may not be visible.  Usually the perianal hair is shaved off.  During the e

xamination, a habitual person doesn’t feel any pain or tenderness during the examination and the external sphincters are relaxed when bimanual traction is applied to th e buttocks (lateral traction te s t ). In a habitual person, the following findings are seen:  Funnel - shaped depression of the buttocks towards the anus.  The perianal skin is thickened and keratinized from constant friction.  Anus is dilated and patulous with loss of rugosity of the mucous membrane. There may be presence of fresh or old fissures (tunneling)  Rectum shows prolapsed mucosa which is thick ened with disappearance of radial folds.  There may be evidence of STDs.  Digital examination is relatively less painful.  Medico - Legal Examination of the Assailant: Examination of the active agent follows the same protocol as examination of the alleged rape accused. But in a n alleged case of sodomy, the shaft of the penis may reveal traces of fecal matter or lubricant instead of vaginal epithelium. FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER NO.1 4 : Forensic Medicine MODULE NO. 31 : Unnatural Sexual Offence & Sexual Perversions 2. Lesbianism / Tribadism / Sapphism Lesbianism is the physical expression of female homosexuality. It typically involves mutual masturbation and occasionally a ctive - passive relationship, by clitoral/digital/lingual - vaginal stimulation, or the use of artificial phalluses. The term “lesbianism” and “sapphism” are derived from the island of Lesbos ( Portugal) where the female population, ru l ed by Queen

Sappho, indulged themselves in this act. The word tribadism is obscure. An active lesbian, who is most often a transvestite or trans - sexual is known as a “butch” or “dyke” and the passive agent is called a “femme”. Lesbianism is extremely difficult to prove, unless there are traces of fresh/dried saliva or buccal mucosal cells detected on or around the external genitalia or injuries resulting from forcible introduction into the vagina by artificial phallus. 3. Buccal Coitus (Oral Sex) Buccal coitus is also called “Sin of Gomorrah” because, as per history, there is alleged prevalence of the practice in Gomorrah, the Biblical twin city of Sodom. T he term indicates penile or vaginal buccal sexual gratification and can thus be performed by both male and female.  Fellatio : Buccal - penile intercourse is called fellatio. The partner who performs the act i s known as the “fellator” and the one on whom it i s performed is the fellatee.  Cu n nilingus : Buccal - vaginal stimulation is referred to as cu n nilingus. The only material evidence of commission of the offence would be presence of spermatozoa in the buccal cavity or presence of fresh/dried saliva or buccal mucosal cells on the penis. 4. Bestia lity Bestiality is the sexual intercourse with a lower animal. The animals usually selected are cows, mares, bitches, female she ep/donkey/goat and large bird ( by males) and bulls, horse, dogs, male sheep/donkey/goats (by females). It is characteristically the act of an isolated farm worker, who are psychologically weak and i

s the object of ridicule by everyone or is timid enough to approach the opposite sex. He then overcomes the humiliation by having sexual intercourse wi th an available and usually compliant companion like a lower animal. FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER NO.1 4 : Forensic Medicine MODULE NO. 31 : Unnatural Sexual Offence & Sexual Perversions Bestiality is also the product of superstition in many places in India where the ignorant males firmly believes that, having sexual intercourse with a female donkey cures gonorrhea. On examination, injuries inflicted by the animal will be seen over the offender. Very typically, hair/ feathers/ blood stains of the animal will be present in and around the genitalia and also on the clothing of the person. Human or seminal stains may be pre sent in and around the genitalia of the animal. 4. Sexual Perversions/ Deviations/ Paraphilias 1. Exhibitionism: Exhibitionism is type of sexual perversion where sexual gratification is obtained by exposing genitals to an unsuspecting stranger or in public place. Exhibitionism may or may not be associated with masturbatory acts. Males are the most common perpetrators and the victims are usually children or unsuspe cting females or person of opposite sex. Exhibitionism is p unishable under Section 268 IPC, S ection 290 IPC , S ection 294 IPC & Section 509 IPC. 2. Fetishism: Fetishism is obtaining sexual gratification by using or thinking about an inanimate object or part of the body. The fetish or inanimate object is general ly a piece of cloth ( e.g. , under wears, suspenders,

petticoat, stocking or even shoe or sandal of the opposite se x) . Sometimes even silly things like garland or flower from the opposite sex or picture of the female is also suffice. Usually the fetish is stolen and the genitals are rubbed with it till ejaculation occurs. Even looking at the fetish may produce the same effects. This is almost exclusively seen in males. The fetishist may commit theft or robbery or woman may be attacked to get the fetish. FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER NO.1 4 : Forensic Medicine MODULE NO. 31 : Unnatural Sexual Offence & Sexual Perversions 3. Frotteurism : Frotteurism ( French frotter, to rub) is obtaining sexual gratification by rubbing one’s genitalia agai nst others in crowd and public places. These are often seen with other paraphilias like voyeurism, exhibitionism etc. It is punishable under section 354 IPC (outraging the modesty of a woman) as well as all other IPCs described under exhibitionism. 4. Lust Murder : Lust murder or erotophonophilia is homicide in which the offender gets sexual gratification by killing the partner. This is considered as extreme form of sadism. Most lust murderers are males but females are also known. It is manifested by murder d uring sexual intercourse , mutilation of the victim’s sexual organs, cutting or stabbing of breasts, lower abdomen, insertion of objects in bodily orifices, masturbating over the dead body etc . and also may be associated with necrophilia and n ecrophagia. Th is is most common among the serial killers who chose the victim with some specific trait. The of

fender may have periodic outburst and his behavior may be normal in between the outbursts. 5. Sadism : Sadism is the type of sexual perversion where sexual gratification is achieved through inflicting pain on another person. The term “sadism” is derived from the French auth or Marquis de Sade , who wrote books on stories where the characters suffered the same fate. Sadism is also known as Algolagnia (Greek: algos - pain; lagnia - lust). These are more commonly seen in males and are often associated with masochism and such conditions are termed as sado - masochism. Usually the sadists are sociopaths or with personality disorders. There may be associated endocrine abnormalities or early experience of brutality and sexual exploitation . Methods employed are usually beating, biting, burning the skin with cigarette, bondage, producing cuts, whipping etc. These are generally d one with a consenting masochist. But if done forcefully, then the person may be charged with section 323, 324, 325 and 326 IPC. FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER NO.1 4 : Forensic Medicine MODULE NO. 31 : Unnatural Sexual Offence & Sexual Perversions 6. Masochism : Masochism, also known as passive Algolagnia, is sexual gratification through receiving pain upon self by another p erson, usually a partner of opposite sex. The disorder is named after an Austrian novelist, Leopold Von Sacher Masoch who suffered from this perversion. The stimulant for his work was being whipped by his wife. These are mostly found in females , in all age groups and among all socioeconomic strata.

The masochists get pleasure from being abused, beaten, tortured, dominated, and humiliated by their sexual partners. A painful stimulus replaces the ordinary sexual stimulus. Both sadism and masochism are seen i n combination and rarely seen in pure state. When seen in combination, is termed as sado - masochism. Both are included under broader entity and is referred to as BDSM , a compound acronym derived from the terms Bondage and Discipline; Dominance and Submission . Such activities are not a form of sexual abuse, though some activities may appear to be violent or coercive, but are conducted with consent of all the partners involved. 7. Voyeurism : Voyeurism refers to receiving sexual gratification by observin g nude individuals without their knowledge. It is almost exclusively seen in males, who seek out repetitive situations to observe unsuspecting females grooming themselves, or taking bath or undressing or copulating. A male voyeur is also referred to as “pe eping tom” (named after the legend where Tom, the tailor peeped and watched Lady Godiva during her naked ride on horseback and was struck blind ) . The voyeur may observe the subject from a distance or use obje cts like camera, mirrors, videos etc. This behav ior is widely spread and research shows almost 65% of the men are engaged in peeping. They do not come in conflict of the law, unless caught in action. This is punishable offence under section 354C IPC with imprisonment not less than 3 years but may extend upto 7 years and with fine. FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER NO.1 4 : Forensic Medicine

MODULE NO. 31 : Unnatural Sexual Offence & Sexual Perversions 8. Necrophilia And Necrophagia : Necrophilia (Greek - Nekros : corpse; philia: love) means intercourse with a dead body and Ne crophagia ( Greek - Phagos: to eat) means eating the flesh of the dead body after sexual gratif ication. The synonym of the lat er is anthropophagy. Usually seen in persons suffering from temporal lobe anomalies, head trauma during infancy, drugs and alcoholism, genetic, sexual abuse during childhood, suppressed hostility towards females etc. These people may have sadistic tendencies and may mutilate the corpse after intercourse. Foul smell of decomposition or the cold skin acts as stimulants. This is punishable offence under section 297 IPC for causing indignity to any human corpse and is punishable with 1 yea r imprisonment or fine or both. 9. Misoxcopia : Sexual gratification by observing sex performance of other couples. 10. Pyromania : Sexual stimulation by seeing flames or seeing destruction of a building. This is considered as a psycho sexual disorder. 11. Transvestism : Transvestism is sexual gratification from dressing in the clothes of opposite sex. There is often a desire to be identified with the opposite sex. Also know n as cross dressing or eonism ( After French diplomat Chevalier d’E ’ on ). Develops mostly in late adolescent and i n males. These are generally associated with auto e rotic asphyxia, bondage or sado - masochistic behavior. 12. Triolism : Tri o lism is intercourse with more than one partner at the same time, eit

her two female and one male or two males and one female. Another variation of it is, when a person shares his wife/girlfriend with another and observes the act from a hidden place or from the front. FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER NO.1 4 : Forensic Medicine MODULE NO. 31 : Unnatural Sexual Offence & Sexual Perversions 13. Uranism : Uranism is a type of sexual perversion where sexual gratification is achieved by fingering, fondling, licking the genitals of the partner. 14. Urolagnia : Urolagnia is a type of sexual perversion where sexual gratification is achieved by sight of urine or people urinating. 15. Masturbation : Also known as onanism; ipsation; autoeroticism, where sexual gratification is achieved through deliberate self - stimulation. Mild masturbatory exercises are common to both men and women and are of little importa nce. Techniques are largely manual, by moving penis against a bed or other object. Hollow articles like bottles, test tubes etc . are used. In females, fingers are used gently or rhythmically to stimulate the clitoris or labia minora. The genitalia may be r ubbed against a pillow or bed . Females may use artificial penis size object to insert into the vagina. Masturbation is an offence, only when practiced in public e.g. , teleph o ne booth or public lavatories etc. 16. Play Piercing : It is a form of sex play often performed alone. Stimulation of the genitals is done by using disposable needles, pins, or even nails etc. This may cause localized swelling or trauma. This is a part of sado - masochistic experience.

17. Scatalogia: Associated with obscene telephone calls. TELEPHONE SCATALOGIA is telephone calls made by heterosexual males who call unknown females to carry out sexually provocative conversation. FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER NO.1 4 : Forensic Medicine MODULE NO. 31 : Unnatural Sexual Offence & Sexual Perversions 18. Caprolalia: Sexual gratification by using obscene language. 19. Caprolagnia: Sexual gratification associated with sight or smell of faeces or defecation . 20. Narcism o r Narcissism: Self - love, which may or may not include genital excitement. 21. Pygmalionism: Falling in love with a self - made object. 22. Paedophilia (Child Sexual Abuse) P a edophilia is a psychosocial disorder in which an adult experiences sexual gratification from prepubescent children. “Paedophile” is generally used to describe those accused or convicted of sexual abuse of a minor. Mostly this disorder is seen in men and th e common victims are young adolescent boys , though some women may also have such tendencies. Aggression and sadism are important components of p a edophilia, which may be subconscious or controlled or open. P a edophile may take various ways for attaining sexu al gratification. Like, direct sexual assault by touching the minor’s genitalia or rape (including sodomy, commonly in young adolescent boys and in such cases, the passive agent is called catamite. ) or sexual penetration with an object. By sexual molestati on where an adult engages in non - penetrative activities like exposing the minor to porn

ography or showing sexual acts of oth ers etc. Sexual exploitation by victimizing the minor for child prostitution or child trafficking. Sometimes the potential child se x offenders make their advances through online chat room to make more accepting offers. The effects of child sexual abuse are depression, post - traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and loss of confidence and trust factor and transmission of venereal diseases. FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER NO.1 4 : Forensic Medicine MODULE NO. 31 : Unnatural Sexual Offence & Sexual Perversions 5. Summary 1. Sodomy (buggery or Greek love) is the anal intercourse between two men or between a man and a woman. This practice was prevalent in ancient Greek. It derives its name fro m the historical city of Sodom, where it was supposed to have been practiced. 2. Anal lacerations are usually triangular and based at the external sphincters, with the sides extending horizontally inward, but rarely more than 2 to 3 cms since usually the pen ile penetrations are limited by the strong contraction of the sphincter ani muscle. 3. Lesbianism is extremely difficult to prove, unless there are traces of fresh/dried saliva or buccal mucosal cells detected on or around the external genitalia or injuries r esulting from forcible introduction into the vagina by artificial phallus. 4. Both sadism and masochism are seen in combination and rarely seen in pure state. When seen in combination, is termed as sado - masochism. 5. Aggression and sadism are important components of p a edophilia, which may be subconscious or controlled