Eusebius of Nicomedia, Arius of Alexandria, and the - PowerPoint Presentation

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Eusebius of Nicomedia, Arius of Alexandria, and the - PPT Presentation

Marketing of Arianism Or from a little spark a large fire was kindled Socrates Scholasticus Arius 330 AD with his IPad Different Methods of Marketing Religious Beliefs in the 300s ID: 269685

eusebius arius bishop alexandria arius eusebius alexandria bishop father nicomedia council church emperor athanasius christianity arian letters son alexander

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Slide1

Eusebius of Nicomedia, Arius of Alexandria, and the

Marketing of ArianismOr:“…from a little spark a large fire was kindled.”-- Socrates Scholasticus

Arius, ~330 AD (with his IPad)Slide2

Different Methods of Marketing Religious Beliefs in the 300s:

Eusebius of Nicomedia and AriusLetter/Tract Writing

Use of ScripturePublic Debates

The Top-Down Method

Church Councils

Persecution of Rivals

Songs/Ditties

(Beautiful Buildings/Artwork)Slide3

Background to Arianism:

“Arians”:Arius—a priestBishop Eusebius of NicomediaBishop Eusebius of Caesarea

“Nicenes”:

Bishop Alexander

of Alexandria

Bishop Athanasius

Emperor Constantine

(sometimes)

Eusebius of Caesarea

(

sometimes)

Alexandria

Caesarea

Constantinople

NicomediaSlide4

Arian Christianity

Nicene (later Catholic) ChristianityThe Father is eternal;The Son is

emanated from or created by the Father (and therefore comes later)

The Father,

Son, and Holy Spirit are Eternal (

homoousius

==same nature)

“There was a time when the Son was not”Slide5

Christianity is supposed to be Monotheistic (One God)

The Nicenes solved this by believing that the Trinity (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) is one nature, but has different rolesThe Arians solved this by having God eternal Slide6

Letter Writing (most were

designed to be public)Bishops to

Emperors

Letters to

parishioners

Bishops to fellow

bishops

And

Emperors to Bishops

Admonitions

Demands

RequestsSlide7

ottom up: the program looks for clusters of words in a textThe Top-Down method—you give it the keywordsTextual AnalysisTopic Modeling—using computational linguistics to search for clusters of words

Computational Historiography or A

lgorithmic Historiography

David

Mimno

“Computational

Historiography: Data Mining in

a Century

of Classics

Journals,”5,

, Article 3 (April 2012), 19 pages

Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage

(http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/~amahoney/02-jocch-mimno.pdf )Slide8

Textisbeautiful.net

Wordle.net (just shows frequency of words)The Stanford Natural Language Processing Group (useful for extremely large volumes of text)MALLETT :

MAchine Learning for LanguagE

Toolkit (useful for extremely large volumes of text)Slide9

Show word maps and association maps

The Deposition of Arius, by Bishop AlexanderOf Alexandria (319 AD)“Concept Cloud”Shows Frequency of use represented by the size of the text.The Color shows groupsText is BeautifulSlide10

“Concept Web”

Concepts will be positioned closely to other concepts that they are highly related to.

The Deposition of Arius, by Bishop Alexander

Of Alexandria (319 AD)Slide11

The Deposition of Arius, by Bishop Alexander

Of Alexandria (319 AD)“Correlation Wheel”Shows prominent relationships between concepts with high prominence scores.“Almost always together, rarely apart”Not related to frequencySlide12

The Deposition of Arius, by Bishop AlexanderOf Alexandria (319 AD)

“Correlation Wheel”Shows prominent relationships between draws links between concepts with high prominence scores“Almost always together, rarely apart”Not related to frequencySlide13

O.k.—so what?

Can reveal new relationships of ideas/concepts/words within a text--very useful for large texts (up to 25,000 words, or 100 pages for textisbeautiful—much, much more for other programs)Better than keyword searchesExample from Early American Studies: “Doing More with Digitization: An introduction to topic modeling of early American sources” by Sharon Block, www.common-place.org · vol. 6 · no. 2 · January 2006Slide14

Use of Letter Metadata

a letter’s date, author, recipient, point of origin, point of receptionto create spatial analysis of intellectual correspondence networks.Slide15

Alexander of Alexandria’s lettersSlide16

Eusebius of Nicomedia’s lettersSlide17

Letters of Emperor ConstantineSlide18

Letters of Athanasius of AlexandriaSlide19

Letters of Julius, Bishop of RomeSlide20

“There was a time when the Son was not”

***Proverbs 8:22-5: “The Lord created me at the beginning of His ways…before the ages he founded me…before all the hills he begets me.” Matt. 4:2 (cf. Luke 4:2) “Then Jesus was led up by the Spirit into

the wilderness to be tempted by the devil. 4:2 He fasted forty days and forty nights, and afterwards he was famished.”

8:42

Jesus

said to them, "If God were your Father, you would love me,

for I came from God

and now am here. I have not come on my own; but he sent me

.”

Use of Scripture: The Arian use of the Bible Slide21

Nicene/Catholic use of the Bible

Psalms 110:3 From the womb, before the morning have I begotten you?John 1:1 In the beginning was the WordJohn 1:18 …the only-begotten Son

John 1:3 …by Him were all

things made

John 14:9 He

who has seen Me has seen

the Father?

John 14:10 I

am in the Father, and the Father in

John 10:30 My Father and I are oneSlide22

Arius was known to publically debate (

Theoderet, H.E. 1.1, 1.2)Auxentius, an Arian bishop living in Milan, Italy (in the 380s)In the late 300s there are a large number (both Arian and otherwise)Public DebatesSlide23

The conversion of the Emperor/other bishops/local hierarchy

See Philostorgius 3.12: Athanasius and the Homoousian (Nicene) faithConstantina Emperor Constantius

II341(?) Eusebius, bishop of Nicomedia becomes bishop of Constantinople, the most powerful see in the east

The Top-Down MethodSlide24

Church

Councils318-320—Church Council in Alexandria, Egypt: Arius was kicked out of the church320-322 Eusebius of Caesarea and Eusebius of Nicomedia held a council and said that Arius was Orthodox (early) Church Council at Antioch: Eusebius of Caesarea was threatened with excommunication325 Council of Nicea Council of Tyre

(condemnation of Athanasius) Council of Sardica

358 Council of

Sirmium

359 Council of Rimini

359 Seleucia

(16 different creeds during this period alone)Slide25

Persecution of

Rivals“Heretics” and ExileAriusEusebius of Nicomedia and Theognis of Nicea

Athanasius, Bishop of

Alexandria,

was sent into exile five times

between 328-373Slide26

Persecution of Rivals

Charges:Killings, charges of disrupting church services/destroying church paraphernalia, kidnappings, disrupting the official food supply to Constantinople , sexual exploits (mistresses, having children with prostitutes), confusing innocent virginsDeath of Arius in 336 (Socrates Scholasticus H.E.

1.38)Slide27

Songs/Jingles

Philostorgius H.E. 2:2: Sailors, millers, travellers“King Henry the Eighth,

to six wives he was wedded.One died, one survived,two divorced, two beheaded.”

“Thalia” (The Banquet

)—by AriusSlide28

We Just Can’t Get Along…

We are never, ever, ever, getting back togetherWe are never, ever, ever, getting back togetherYou go talk to your friends, talk to my friends, talk to meBut we are never, ever, ever, ever, getting back together--Taylor Swift (Or Athanasius talking to Arius/Eusebius)Slide29

Use of Churches

Arian Baptistery Ravenna, ItalyAmbrose vs. Emperor Valentinian II and his wife Justina (in the 380s)Slide30

A Walk-Through of St. Peter’s Basilica

Open up your 360Cities AppSearch (the search-glass is in the upper left) for St. Peters BasilicaAlong the top there is a Map button or a List button. Click on List.Open up the one titled:2011 05 18 13 54 Vatican St Peter High ResolutionSlide31

Did all of these techniques matter, and/or did they make an impression on the common people?

Individuals fought each otherCities were dividedReligious riotsChurches were burned or invaded by the other side

Official PersecutionNatural Disasters (believed to be brought on by God)Slide32

Keeping Up with the (Ancient) Times using Modern Tech:

***Scoop.it (http://www.scoop.it/t/Arianism)Google Scholar (which will email new scholarship to you)Twitter (hardly anything on Arianism that is academic)Blogs (not very many!)Podcasts

JSTORPresentation of Research:

ThingLink/Aurasma/My personal website

www.digitalancienthistory.com

;

Slideshare

; Slide33

Future Research Directions

Rise of Christianity: History, Documents, and Key Questions (manuscript is due May 1, 2015). I’ll be using these categories (along with digital material—podcasts, videos, timelines, using Aurasma)

A book on Eusebius and the part he played in spreading Arianism

Digital mapping

projects (using GIS—Geographical Information System):

The spread of both Christianity and the “Barbarians” and incorporating this research on why and how they converted Slide34

Different Methods of Spreading/Accepting Religious Beliefs:

***Eusebius of Nicomedia and AriusLetter Writing

Use of Scripture

Public Debates

The Top-Down Method

Church

Councils

Persecution