Signs of pregnancy Missing menstrual period Pregnancy tests these tests detect the presence of hCG human chorionic gonadotrophin in the urine hCG is produced by the developing embryo and is present is a womans urine only when she is pregnant ID: 373514
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Slide1
From Fetus to Baby!Slide2
Signs of pregnancy
Missing menstrual period
Pregnancy tests
these tests detect the presence of
hCG
(human chorionic
gonadotrophin
) in the urine
hCG
is produced by the developing embryo and is present is a woman’s urine only when she is pregnantSlide3
Embryo Development & Stages of PregnancySlide4Slide5
First Trimester: (week 1- week 13)
Week 1- 7: “Embryo”
Week 8: “Fetus”
Week 12:
Sex of fetus can be determined
The fetus can moveSlide6
Second Trimester: (week 14- week 26)
Week 20:
Fetus can hear sounds
Can suck it’s thumb
Hair begins to grow
Use it’s digestive system by swallowing amniotic fluid
Week 24:
Mother can feel the baby moving (kicks from the legs)Slide7
Third Trimester: (week 27 – week 40)
Rapid development of the fetus which requires a large quantity of nutrients from the mother
it’s crucial for the mother to eat a healthy diet
Week 28: Fetus can open it’s eyes
Week 32: fetus settles into a head down position in preparation for birth
Week 36: Recognizes mother’s voiceSlide8Slide9
Embryo development & stages of pregnancy
Functions of the placenta, umbilical cord
Placenta
Membrane that forms between the mother’s uterus and the developing embryo
Allows for exchanges of nutrients and oxygen between mother and embryo (it serves as a filter)
N.B. Mother’s blood does not enter the embryo
Umbilical cord
connects fetus to the placenta, cut at birthSlide10
Functions of amniotic fluid
In the uterus, the fetus is suspended in a fluid called amniotic fluid
This fluid has 3 functions
To protect the fetus from injury
To keep body temperature of the fetus constant
To protect the fetus against dehydrationSlide11
Identical and fraternal twins
Identical twins (30% of the time)
From a single egg and sperm
Great deal of resemblance
Same chromosomes
Same sex
Same blood type
Fraternal twins (70% of the time)
Two ova, two sperms
Little resemblanceSlide12
Important factors to consider during pregnancy
Nutrition
Physical exercise
Tobacco
(harmful chemicals pass through the placenta to the fetus)
Alcohol
Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by growth, mental, and physical birth defects associated with the mother's high levels of alcohol use during pregnancy
Alcohol ingested by a pregnant woman easily passes across the placental barrier to the fetus Slide13
Process of birthSlide14
Process of birth
Signs of the onset of
labour
Uterine contractions are triggered to begin by the hormone oxytocin secreted by the pituitary gland
Initially are irregular but they become:
More frequent
Stronger
Regular
Rupturing of the amniotic sac
(“water breaks”)
As result of the contractions…
Rupture the membrane surrounding the fetus
Cause the amniotic fluid to flow out of the body
It lubricates the baby’s passage out of the bodySlide15
Process of birth
4 Stages of
labour
(8-20 hours)
Dilatation of the cervix (2-20 hours)
The cervix is the lower end of the uterus
It must open to allow the mature fetus to leave the mother’s body
Opens wider over time and with each contraction
Engagement of the baby’s head in the vagina (30 min – 2 hours)
The baby moves through the cervix into the vagina
The baby’s head rotates to help it’s body pass out of the vagina more easilySlide16
Process of birth
4 Stages of
labour
Expulsion of the baby (5 to 60 min)
Physician holds the baby’s head and gently eases the shoulders, trunk, and finally the lower limbs out of the mother’s body
Baby’s head might be slightly deformed
Expulsion of the placenta (10-15 min after birth)
Once the baby is born, the contractions continue and cause the placenta to detach and be expelledSlide17
Process of birth
Different types of delivery
Natural childbirth: with the active participation of the mother, no anesthetic
Caesarean
delivery of a baby through an abdominal incision
performed when a vaginal birth is not possible or is not safe for the mother or child
C-sections have become fairly common
Induced
labour
: stimulated by the injection of a hormone
Administering of a local anesthetic
Epidural (injection into the spine)Slide18
Human Reproduction Test
Female and male anatomy
Know how to label a diagram (* you will not be given a word bank!)
Know functions of all organs
Puberty and hormones
Menstrual Cycle
Stages of development (zygote
embryo fetus
Baby!)Process of birth