energy cook stove for unelectrified rural areas Presented By Risha Mal Rajendra Prasad VK Vijay Amit Ranjan Verma Ratnesh Tiwari Centre for Rural Development and Technology ID: 561629
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Slide1
Self-sustaining energy cook stove for un-electrified rural areas
Presented By:Risha Mal, Rajendra Prasad, V.K. Vijay, Amit Ranjan Verma, Ratnesh Tiwari Centre for Rural Development and Technology Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
In
Engineers in Technical and Humanitarian Opportunities of Service (ETHOS)
2014
January 25-26,Northwest University, 5520 108th Ave. N.E., Kirkland, WA 98033Slide2
Population Distribution in India
The Rural and Urban population in India was last reported at 69.90 and 30.1 (% of total population) respectively in 2010, according to a Indian Census published in 2011. The growth rate of population in rural and urban areas was 12.18% and 31.80% respectively.Slide3
INDIAN Rural Scenario of cooking
People have gadgets like mobile, motor bike, TV
etc
, and use sanitary toilets but still use mud stove for cooking!!!!! We need to bridge the gap by technology on stoves with multiple applications to make it acceptable. Slide4
Heat Losses
Utilization of the waste heatTHERMOELECTRIC GENERATORUseful electricitySlide5
Power Generation
There are 2 modes of Power generation from a thermoelectric moduleTE moduleSeebeck ModulePeltier Module Both works vice versa
Works as a cooler ,which can also work as a generator(proposed by D.M Rowe)Works as a generator, which can also work as a coolerSlide6
Peltier couple
++
+
+
-
-
-
-
Hole Flow
Electron Flow
N-type
Bi
₂Te
₃
p-type
Bi
₂Te
₃
Heat Released
Heat Absorbed
+
+
-
-
-
-
Dense electron and holes
+Slide7
Seebeck couple
++
+
+
-
-
-
-
Hole Flow
Electron Flow
N-type Bi
₂Te₃
p-type Bi
₂Te₃
Cold Side
Hot Side
+
+
-
-
-
-
Dense electron and holes
+
LoadSlide8
Materials
The TE couples are connected electrically in series because a single couple produce power in mW, series connection of couples increase the overall voltage generated. They are connected thermally in parallel to reduce the lattice conductivity so that the cold side remains cooler.2. Semiconductor materials consisting of p-type(excess holes) and n-type(excess e-) are used for fabrication because if two couples consist of metal the voltages gets cancelled by each other resulting in very low power.3. For generator, the suggested materials for TEG fabrication are PbTe, SiGe, TAGS, Inorganic clathrates, Magnesium group IV compounds, Skutterudite thermoelectrics, Oxide thermoelectrics, Half Heusler alloys and many more.4. Commercially available TEG are of Bi₂Te₃ with temperature tolerance of 250˚C with Figure of merit (ZT)=1. The PbTe modules are also available in the market with high temperature tolerance of 600 ˚C.Slide9
Potential Markets of commercial TE modules
There are many companies of TEG manufacturer. Some of them can be listed with their high power module:Company NameEfficiency(%)PowerMarlow Industries Inc., USA23030
9.565.032-7.95Thermonamic Electronics (Jiangxi) Corp.,
Ltd,China
250-300
30
14.4
-
14.4
Hi-Z
Technology, USA
250-400
50
20
4.98
20
Tellurex
, USA
250-320
50
8.6
-
14.1
Company Name
Efficiency(%)
Power
Marlow Industries Inc., USA
230
30
9.56
5.03
2-7.95
Thermonamic
Electronics (Jiangxi) Corp.,
Ltd,China
250-300
30
14.4
-
14.4
Hi-Z
Technology, USA
250-400
50
20
4.98
20
Tellurex
, USA
250-320
50
8.6
-
14.1Slide10
Prior Stove Researches Summary
AuthorsType of coolingType of moduleNo. of modulesPower/moduleJ.C Bass,Killander 1966
Forced air coolingSeebeck
2
4.76 V stepped up to 13.5V
Nuwayhid
2003
Natural air cooling
Peltier
1
1W
Nuwayhid
2005
Natural air cooling
Seebeck
4
4.2W
Lertsatitthanakorn
2007
Natural air cooling
Seebeck
1
2.4W
Mastbergen
2007
Forced air cooling(1W)
Seebeck
1
+4 W
Biolite
2009
Forced air cooling(1W)
Seebeck
2
+2W
Champier
“
TEGBioS
” 2009
Water cooling
Seebeck
2
5W
Champier
“
TEGBioSII
” 2009
Water cooling
Seebeck
4
9.5W
7.5W regulated
Rinalde
2010
Forced air cooling
Seebeck
2
10W
RTI TECA 2010
Forced air cooling(1W)
Seebeck
NM
1 WSlide11
Benchmark Testing
Temperature regulation nobe
Power supply
Heat Plate
Cold sink
Cooking pot
TEG
Battery
Glasswool
is omitted for simplicitySlide12
HZ-9 module is selected for this operation due to high temperature tolerance, low cost of 20$ per module when taken in bulk of 10K.
Cost of electronics and hot/cold sink of $ 20
Cost of the
cookstove
will be not more than $48/ 3000INR
PROTOTYPE TESTINGSlide13
Comparison of Peltier modules (TEC) working as Seebeck
generator (TEG)Modules(˚C)(˚C)(V)Power(W)Cost($)/modulePeltier module150
551.50.5 12HZ-142001000.7
3
45
HZ-9
200
100
2.8
3
80
Modules
Power(W)
Cost($)/module
Peltier
module
150
55
1.5
0.5
12
HZ-14
200
100
0.7
3
45
HZ-9
200
100
2.8
3
80
** Factor of pressure between the hot and cold side of the modules should be maintained.Slide14
Voltage boost
The voltage that is generated is not sufficient for powering mobile charging or lighting a torch. A DC-DC boost converter is connected to boost the input voltage from 0.9 V to output stable voltage of 5 V. Work on ultra low power input voltage of 40mV and output stable voltage of 5 V DC-DC converter is still on progress.Slide15
Fig: 1. HZ-9 (cold side), 2. ceramic wafers, 3. benchmark testing with TERI mud stove with fan running by TEG, 4. cold sink type,
5. Hot side heat collecting plate + TEG mounted for bench mark testing. 6. LED glowing by TEG+DC-DC converter, Slide16
ROAD MAP
Appropriate TEG has been selected for operation.Hot side heat collecting plate have been designed.Cold side sink modeling is yet to be done.Bench mark testing of TEG and running different appliances with TEG + battery + DC-DC converter on testing phase.Forced draft Stove designing is in progress.TEG is yet to be placed on the stove with proper temperature determination of the stove.Our Goal is to develop a fully self sustaining forced draft cook stove and running a light/mobile. Prototype ready in 3 monthsSlide17
Illuminating prospective Rural Home by cookstove using tegSlide18
References
Books[1] H.J. Goldsmid Introduction to Thermoelectricity, Methuen Monograph, London, 1960.[2] D.M. Rowe ‘Handbook of Thermoelectrics’, CRC Press.[3] Schott Lee, ‘Thermal Design Heat Sinks Thermoelectrics Heat Pipes Compact Heat Exchangers and Solar Cells’[4] Rowe, D. M., Bhandari, C. M., Modern Thermoelectrics. London, Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1983Journals[5] Killander A, Bass JC. A stove-top generator for cold areas. In: Proceedings of the15th international conference on thermoelectrics; 1996 Mar 26–29; New York, USA. New York: IEEE; 1996.[6] Mastbergen D. Development and optimization of a stove-powered thermoelectric generator. Colorado State University; 2008.[7] Champier D, Bedecarrats JP, Kousksou T, Rivaletto M, Strub F, Pignolet
P. Study of a TE (thermoelectric) generator incorporated in a multifunction wood stove. Energy 2011;36:1518–26.[8] Champier D, Bedecarrats JP, Rivaletto M, Strub F. Thermoelectric powergeneration from biomass cook stoves. Energy 2010;35:935–42.
[
9] Cedar, Jonathan M. (Scarsdale, NY, US), Drummond, Alexander H. (Austin, TX, US),"Portable combustion device utilizing
thermoelectrical
generation",8297271, 2012,
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/8297271.html
[10] David Michael Rowe , Thermoelectric waste heat recovery as a renewable energy source, International Journal of Innovations in Energy Systems and Power, Vol. 1, no. 1 (November 2006)
[11] David Stokes, Michael
Mantini
, Ryan
Chartier
, Charles
Rodes
,’ Design and Testing of a Thermoelectric Enhanced
Cookstove
Add-on (TECA) for Indigenous Biomass Stoves in
Kenya’RTI
International,2009.
[12
]
Nuwayhid
, R.Y.,
Hamade
, R., 2005. Design and testing of a locally made loop-type
thermosyphonic
heat sink for stove-top thermoelectric generators. Renew. Energy 30, 1101–1117.
[13]
Nuwayhid
, R.Y., Rowe, D.M., Min, G., 2003. Low cost stove-top thermoelectric generator for regions with unreliable electricity supply. Renew. Energy 28, 205–222.
[14]
Min, G., Rowe, D. M., “Optimization of Thermoelectric Module Geometry for ‘Waste Heat’ Electric Power Generation,” Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 38, 1992, 253-259
[15
]
Lertsatitthanakorn
C. Electrical performance analysis and economic evaluation of combined biomass cook stove thermoelectric (BITE) generator.
Bioresource
Technology 2007;98:1670–4.
[16
] Rowe DM. Thermoelectric waste heat recovery as a renewable energy source. International Journal of Innovations in Energy Systems and Power 2006;1(1).
[17]
Rida
Y.
Nuwayhid
, Alan
Shihadeh
,
Nesreen
Ghaddar
,’ Development and testing of a domestic woodstove thermoelectric generator with natural convection cooling’, Energy Conversion and Management 46 (2005) 1631–1643
[18]
S.M. O’Shaughnessy , M.J.
Deasy
, C.E.
Kinsella
, J.V. Doyle , A.J. Robinson, ‘Small scale electricity generation from a portable biomass
cookstove: Prototype design and preliminary results’ Applied Energy, 2012.07.032.Slide19
Thank you