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Plants Baby’s breathGYPA thick root; leaves opposite, narrow, 1.8 to 10 cm longwith pointed tips; flowers many, tiny, white, massed inWidely over Pacific North-m. Native to east and central Europe. Widely scattered, Dry Douglas-fir types, ponderosa pine,bitter-brush, yarrow, sagewort, fescues and other grami- Dry, disturbed areas, pastures, and rangeland.Grows on well-drained, poor, and alkaline soil. Early colonizer; however, can Noxious weed. Once established, Flowers from June through Two to five black seeds about 2 mm long in smallVegetative reproduction: For cultivated varieties,Can be cultivated, but can readily escapeTransplant viability: Large taproot makes plant diffi- Branching stems with inflorescent tops. Stems clipped with knives or Summer, when plant is in early to midflower. As long as root intact, will Gypsophila paniculata Plants Flowering stems as filler in floral ar- Not known. Floral, dried and fresh flower topsTypes of markets: Domestic. Fresh floral, and floral from Latin meaning “gypsum loving.” Thisfornia and Washington. Once established, difficult to Plants Hook., Western juniper-JUOC and most common in theneedlelike; male flower, short catkin, 3-5 mm, pollen sacsfleshy, berrylike; seeds one to three per cone, flat, un-gray-green; cones 6-10 mm, berrylike, blue-black with abloom, juicy, resinous, two to three seeds. Juniperusbright blue with whitish coat, juicy, resinous, and twoWidely distributed throughoutcentral, southeast Washington to California, to 3048 m;tral British Columbia, to eastern Washington and Oregon; Juniperus scopulorumJ. Plants plateaus, mostly on shallow, rocky soils; occurs in zoneEcological relations: Wildlife cover, nesting and hiber-Typically juniper does not resprout after fire, but seedssurvive light fires. Begin bearing at 10 to 20 Seeds dispersed in fall usually by birds. GoodVegetative reproduction: Does not naturally reproduceTransplant viability: Does not transplant well from Berries, leaves, and branches. Berries are picked when dark blueleaves and branch tips clipped. Berries can be picked inon a plastic ground cloth. Twigs with firm, blue berries Collect berries in fall; leaves andtime is mid summer. New branches can sproutclipped. In dry locations regrowth is slow. Wood: fencing, decks, paneling, furni- Food, gastrointestinal aid, coughs,colds, analgesic, poultice for wounds, liniment, ceremo- Plants Plants Desert parsley, fern-leaved eastern Washington and southern Oregon to Colorado;sporadically from California to Western Canada; 150- Dry Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, juniper-hawthorn, common snowberry, big sagebrush, ar-rowleaf balsamroot, yarrow, penstemon, bluebunch Wooded or brushy, rocky slopes, dry hillsides, Part of established prairie plantcommunity, but can be colonizer after disturbance on Large taproot stabilizes soil;by rodents, bears, bighorn sheep, deer, and elk; flowers Blooms in early spring, from Reproduction primarily by seed. Collect seedinto greenhouse to dry. Multicycle germinator; needsVegetative reproduction: Can reproduce from tuber- Can be cultivated. Seeds are commerciallyTransplant viability: Young plants can be put into var. eatoniivarLomatium dissectum Plants Root. Do not collect commercially inand dig earlier in the year. Late spring, summer, early fall (spring If enough of root and As an antiviral, expectorant, antimicro- Infusion of root to increase appetite, Medicinal and herbal.Types of markets: International and domestic. Medici- species is not permitted. In the species are listed. Geyer’s lomatium ( onet al. (1991), Franklin and Dyrness (1973), Hickman(1993), Hitchcock and Cronquist (1978), Hortus West(1976), Pojar and MacKinnon (1994), Tilford (1993, Plants PAMY Native. Low, evergreen shrub to 60 cmleathery, toothed margins, and darkly evergreen; flowersthroughout mountainous forests of the West. Dominantshrub in many habitat types. Subalpine fir, Engelmann spruce, grandfir zones. Hemlock, western redcedar, lodgepole pine,mountain maple, mountain snowberry, bunchberrydogwood, huckleberry, ninebark, sweet-cicely, queen-cup beadlily, heartleaf arnica, meadow rue, and Shaded places, dense woods, also rocky open- Early to late succession. WillEcological relations: Good browse for deer, elk, and Fruits from June throughSeptember. The seed may remain viable for decades. Dispersed by gravity. Seeds retain viability fordormancy.Vegetative reproduction: Easily reproduced fromcuttings. Stem cuttings are taken in early fall. Repro-commercially available.Transplant viability: Although transplantable, a lessintrusive procedure is to take stem cuttings. With thismethod, there is less risk of forest ground cover and soil Pachistima myrsinites Plants Leafy fanlike branches 60-75 m longthan 25 percent of total foliage of plant are clipped withsharp clippers. Stems must be 40-45 cm long. A bunch Late summer-fall when leaves have Regrowth occurs, but Branches for floral decorations, a sub-ground cover. Tea for colds, tuberculosis, andkidney troubles. To heal broken bones and internal Floral greenery and landscapeTypes of markets: International and domestic for fin-Domestic for florist, landscaping, and nursery.industry.Hickman (1993), Hortus West (1998), Kruckeberg Plants Western sword fern erect leaves forming a crown from a stout, woody, scalyrhizome; leaves, stipe dry-scaly, blade lance shaped,erect to arching, 50-180 cm, once pinnate, leaflets alter-sori large, circular, halfway between mid vein and mar-Alaska to California, Wash- Primarily Sitka spruce, western hemlockwood forest. Douglas-fir, red alder, vine maple, salmon-berry, salal, dwarf Oregon grape, and evergreenhuckleberry. Moist forests, wooded hillsides, and slopes; May be present in all, but bestEcological relations: Forage for elk, deer, and blackbear. Sword fern sprouts from woody underground Fronds unroll by May; sporesnear maturity by late July. Spores.Vegetative reproduction: Limited, but can occurthrough division of rhizome.Transplant viability: Transplants well. Polystichum munitum Plants Fronds (leaf blade). Fronds are cut by using a specialover the finger. Fronds must be green and healthy. Themust have 52 frond blades stacked flat and evenly. Year-round, but if harvested too early In flower arrangements, as a decora- Edible, cooking, protective layer inTypes of markets: International and domestic marketspermitted on the Willamette National Forest where it is(1978), Hortus West (1998), Kruckeberg (1993), Moer-Service (1963, 1965), Vance and Thomas (1997) Plants var. L. Underw.PTAQ Native. Fronds large, solitary, erect, decid-hairy; leaf blades triangular, two to three times pinnate,site, lowest pair broadly triangular, upper ones progres- Western hemlock and Pacific silver firhemlock zones. East of Cascade Range, Douglas-fir,ponderosa pine; salal, red huckleberry, thimbleberry, Various habitats, meadows, roadsides, dry Colonizer, invasive following dis- Elk and deer eat new fronds;decomposing litter. Bracken fern is adapted to fire andfern to resprout after fire. Wind-borne spores and sur-postfire colonizer. Rhizomes effective at mobilizing Fronds emerge betweenMarch and early May. Spore production differs from year to year. FewVegetative reproduction: Most regeneration is vegeta-Transplant viability: Good, best with young plants. Fiddlehead (tightly coiled new growthof fern frond) and rhizome. Pteridium aquilinum Plants Fronds are cut from rhizomes.and healthy. The underside of the frond generally has Spring. Will resprout the following Food, floral, and ornamental. Frondsand rhizomes have been used for brewing beer, foodand herbal remedy, and rhizome starch for confections; Young shoots, tonic, antiemetic,sprouts eaten (sparingly); bronchitis remedy. Roastedand peeled rhizomes used for a starch, also used medic-inally. Fronds: to wrap fish and as camp bedding.als. Young shoots, culinary dishes based on orientalTypes of markets: International market for fresh andmarkets for dried and dyed floral and craft products.(1978), Hortus West (1998), Moerman (1998b), Pojar(2001), USDA Forest Service (1963), USDI Bureau of Plants Rubus idaeus L.Red raspberryRosaceae Native. Deciduous, erect or arching,mid elevations. Common and locally abundant, dense Grand fir, Douglas-fir zones. Mixedconifer, cedar, black cottonwood, trembling aspen,spirea, and serviceberry. Moist or dry woods to open and often rocky Pioneer or early successional.Vigorously invades and colonizes many types of Provides forage and cover forvarious wildlife; fruits important for bear, grouse, quail,and other birds. Deer, elk browse leaves and berries. Flowers from June throughJuly, fruits soon after, from July through September. Produces an abundance of seed, but productiontion slow, requires both warm and cold stratification;Vegetative reproduction: Rhizomes, root sprouts, andcommercially available.Transplant viability: When plants dormant can be Usually fruits, shoots, leaves, and ssp. idaeusvar. peramoenusRubus idaeus Plants Leaves are gathered just after Shoots in spring; leaves in spring to Shoots readily sprout Leaves, as an astringent, reproductive Eaten fresh, boiled and dried intocakes, preserved for winter use, various medicinal prep-Common products: Teas and food. Dried leaves soldTypes of markets: Primarily domestic. Food, herbalR. idaeus and collectiongrows in foothills from British Columbia to Wyoming;Hortus West (1998), Moerman (1998b), Pojar and(1989), Tilford (1998), Tirmenstein (1990d), USDAForest Service (1988), Willard (1992), Young andYoung (1992) Plants Rumex crispus L.Curly dockPolygonaceae Exotic. Perennial herb from taproot; stems Common dandelion, mullein, commonyarrow, chickweed, perennial and annual grasses. Waste places, roadsides, meadows, fields,that dry out in summer. Early colonizer, thrives in disturbedEcological relations: Taproot aerates compacted soils, Blooms from June to Septem-ber, mature achenes release in fall. Winged seeds disperse by wind and water. Ger-Vegetative reproduction: May regenerate aerial stems species.Transplant viability: Easily transplanted. Roots for medicinal, flowers for floral.Harvest techniques: Roots are collected before theplant goes to seed. A tool is used to dig roots out of the Rumex crispus Plants Flowers are collected in spring at the If entire plant and root is Dried flowers used in floral arrange- Mashed root used for swellings andtery, to correct fluids, and as salve for various skinR. arcticus are called wild rhubarb by the Ninilchik Roots, herbal; dried bulk suppliedTypes of markets: International and domestic. Medici-species preferred by herbalists.and urinary tract problems when used excessively.Hortus West (1998), Klein and Johnson (1997), Mizer-Thomas and Schumann (1993), Tilford (1993, 1998),Young and Young (1986) Plants L., Blue skullcap-SCLA2 Gray, Dwarf skullcap-SCNA 20-90 cm, 20- S. lateriflora S. lateriflora may grow in Mixed-conifer hardwoods throughoutregion. Alder, willow, stinging nettle, bedstraw, field S. lateriflora are foothills Varies from early to late succes- Nectar source for pollinators and blooms July to September. SeveralSeptember. Four nutlets each contain a single seed.planted in early summer.Vegetative reproduction: Basal cuttings in early sum- Scutellaria laterifolia Abies procera