Adapted from the FAD PRePNAHEMS Guidelines Biosecurity 2016 Importance of biosecurity Routes of exposure to disease Steps in developing a biosecurity plan Introduction to 3 levels of biosecurity ID: 728336
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Slide1
Biosecurity
General Biosecurity Concepts
Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS
Guidelines: Biosecurity (2016)Slide2
Importance of biosecurity
Routes of exposure to diseaseSteps in developing a biosecurity planIntroduction to 3 levels of biosecurity
Conceptual
StructuralOperational
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
This PresentationSlide3
Collection of management practices
Prevent introduction/spread of diseaseRoutine and emergency measuresAvert severe, negative impacts of a foreign animal disease (FAD)
Strategic decisions and adequate
investment in management practices
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Importance of BiosecuritySlide4
Risk assessment – hazard analysis
Identify sources of potential infectionIdentify areas needing protectionEstablish Line of Separation
Dirty
(contaminated)/clean (protected)
Ascertain site-specific pathways for potential disease movement
Prioritize biosecurity measures
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
General ConceptsSlide5
Identify critical control points
Any point, step, or procedure to apply control (to prevent harm)Prevent the transfer of a pathogen from entering or leavingInvolve people, supplies, equipment, vehicles, feed, mortalities, animals, and animal products
Bioexclusion and/or biocontainment
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
General Concepts cont’dSlide6
Routes of Exposure to Disease
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - ConceptsSlide7
Direct Contact
Direct transferSkin, mucous membranes, and open wounds
Rubbing
, biting, licking, or contact with body fluids (nose-to-nose)
AerosolInhalationInfectious droplets
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Exposure – Direct, AerosolSlide8
Oral
Ingested, consumedLicking, biting, and eating
feed
Environment contaminated
by feces, urine, saliva, and bloodFomitesInanimate objects
Equipment, vehicles, clothing and boots, dust, and feathersLateral spread between facilities as people move
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Exposure – Oral, FomitesSlide9
Vectors
Living organismsArthropods, insects, rodents, feral animals, and scavengers Biological and mechanical
Zoonotic Disease
Exposure may occur through any of the routesDisease-specific
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Exposure – Vectors, ZoonoticSlide10
Developing a Biosecurity Plan
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - ConceptsSlide11
Step 1: Prioritize the disease agents
Consider species/susceptibility, housing, management, wildlife exposure Step 2: Conduct a facility assessment Identify pathways/movements
Step 3: Implement processes to minimize impact of disease
Prevent movements that carry disease
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Developing a PlanSlide12
Movements of animals
Closed herd is more protected Additions from offspring within the herdManaged in small, isolated groupsAll-in/all-out
management, less co-mingling
Animals that leave and return create a risk for the herd/flock
Quarantines restrict movements
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Developing a Plan cont’dSlide13
Levels of Biosecurity - Preventing
Exposure to DiseaseUSDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - ConceptsSlide14
Producers are responsible
Effective day-to-day proceduresBiosecurity is an investmentProtocols are specificSpecies/mixture of
species
Diseases, susceptibility to disease Intended purpose, economic value
Practicality, facility lay-out
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Prevent Exposure to DiseaseSlide15
Farm density
Animal movementTraffic on and off the premisesHuman activityEquipment sharing
Access by wildlife
Housing difficult to cleanMortality disposal near animal housing
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Increased Risk of ExposureSlide16
Conceptual
Location, geospatial siting, orientation of the facility
Structural
Capital investment, construction, to prevent disease spread
OperationalProcesses, management practices, standard
operating procedures to exclude or contain disease
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Three Levels of BiosecuritySlide17
Facility location
, geospatial siting, orientation, scope, sizeHigher risk Greater farm density, close to wildlife areas, large groups managed as one population
Best
practicesSeparation, isolationSmall
biosecure unitsDistance to wildlife habitats and roads
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Conceptual BiosecuritySlide18
Evaluate existing facility
Mitigate/compensate for vulnerabilities:Eliminate (make less attractive) wildlife habitatReroute traffic away from animal areas
Create smaller
biosecure groups
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Conceptual Biosecurity cont’dSlide19
Construction, capital investment
Physical design and maintenancePaved parking away from barnsFences, barriers leading to entrances to conduct biosecurity protocols
Locations for cleaning/disinfecting
On-site laundry for outerwearSpecialized anteroom at entry
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Structural BiosecuritySlide20
Example of a Danish Entry System
Specialized anteroomPrompts biosecurity protocolsEntering and leavingEnhancements in long term plans
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Structural - Danish Entry SystemSlide21
Processes, management practices, standard operating procedures to exclude or contain disease
On-farm movements and managementsPeople, animals, supplies, equipment, vehicles, and other items
Based
on specific risk assessments
Mitigation of conceptual and structural vulnerabilities, and known disease
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Operational BiosecuritySlide22
Apply strategic actions at
critical control pointsFocus on inputs and outputsEntrances and exitsWork paths
Processes
Clearly identify separation of clean/dirty
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Operational Biosecurity cont’dSlide23
Clean versus dirty
Line of SeparationPerimeter Buffer AreaImplement at farm
or barn level
Mapped and physically markedCrossing point =
critical control point
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Operational Biosecurity cont’dSlide24
Cleaning/disinfection and biosecurity attire/PPE
People, equipment, vehicles
Vectors
Carcass disposal
Manure/litter managementWater sources
Delivery/storage of feed and bedding
Maintenance and security
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Operational Biosecurity cont’dSlide25
Biosecurity protects animal health
Develop a site-specific biosecurity plan Consider disease characteristics such as routes of exposure
Incorporate 3
levels of biosecurity: conceptual, structural, operational
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
ConclusionSlide26
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
For More Information
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines
& SOP: Biosecurity (2016)
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/fadprep
Biosecurity web-based training module:
http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/Slide27
Authors (CFSPH)
Janice P. Mogan, DVM
Heather Allen, PhD, MPA
Kristen Bretz, MS
Reviewers
(USDA)
Jonathan T. Zack, DVM
James A. Roth, DVM
, PhD,
DACVM
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Biosecurity - Concepts
Guidelines ContentSlide28
Acknowledgments
Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from
the
USDA APHIS
Veterinary Services
PPT Authors: Janice
P. Mogan, DV
M; Logan Kilburn
Reviewer: Kristen
Bretz, MS