ECONOMY & - PowerPoint Presentation

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ECONOMY & DEVELOPMENT:The British Regime-Decline of Fur and Rise of TimberSlide2

Main Questions:What happened to the fur trade during the British Regime?How did timber replace fur as the main resource exported by the colony? How did the timber trade change how people did business in the colony?

What new types of transportation developed during the British Regime and how were they used?

What types of economic policies were installed or removed during the British Regime? How did this affect the colony?Slide3

The Fur Trade: CompetitionAfter the Quebec Act in 1774, the Province of Quebec’s territory grew all the way to the Ohio ValleyIn 1783 the Northwest Company was foundedThis was competition for the already existing Hudson Bay CompanySlide4

The Fur Trade: CompetitionThe competition forced both companies to expand their the territory in which they gathered fur  further WestBoth Companies opened up new trading post, employed more worked with higher salaries

They tries to block each other from access to territories which yielded furs

The British government had to interveneSlide5

HBC

NWCSlide6
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Territory change after the Treaty of Versailles 1783

After

the

Americans

gained

independence

from

England

, the colonies in

North

America

lost

territoryProvince of Québec losses ½ of Great Lakes Region and Ohio ValleyLoss of very important territory for fur tradeSlide8

Fur trading network broken

Difficulties

:

Loss

of the O.V. and G.L.

Waterway network broken

 can’t get or transport furs as easily

Hurts Montreal, an important fur trading citySlide9

Americans are sending furs to Philadelphia and N.Y.CThe Spanish are taking

furs

from

the

south

West (West of Mississippi River

)

Fur

trading network

brokenSlide10

Fusion of HBC and NWCIn 1821 the two companies merge together and keep the name Hudson’s Bay CompanyThis was not enough, the fur trade was already in decline in favor of the timber tradeSlide11

Decline of the fur trade in the coloniesThe timber trade took away hunting territory through loggingFur was in less demand in EuropeThe 1 company system made First Occupant people dependant on 1 supplier

 which soured relations

These factors lead to the decline of the fur tradeSlide12

The Timber Trade in the 1800sSlide13

Timber TradeAfter 1812, England wanted more timber

from Canada.

Timber = wood / trees

Even after the war of 1812 England continued to

import

timber

from Canada

This made the timber trade / industry

grow

within CanadaSlide14

Timber TradeThe timber trade had lots of effects

on Canada

Timber became the most

exported

natural resource

 less and less attention was given to the fur trade

People

invested

($$$) lots of money in the timber trade  new

companies

, banks, etc.

New places to

work

and new

jobs

!

Sawmills

, lumber

yards and camps,

etc.Lumberjacks,

raftsmen

, etc.

More jobs  more people

moved

to Canada to workSlide15

Exported wood from the port of Quebec City to EnglandSlide16

Timber Trade: LoggingLogging means cutting down trees and moving the

trees to be processed

Most of the time, logging happened in the

winter

It was easier to cut trees down when the

sap

was not moving in the trees

Snow on the ground made it easy to

drag

the tressSlide17

Timber Trade: LoggingIn the late fall or early winter, men would set up a

camp

in an area where there were enough trees to cut

They would clear

pathways

to move the cut trees

They would make sure

supplies

could be delivered as well

The men spent several

months

in the campsSlide18
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Timber Trade: LoggingLots of men who were in good shape were needed for loggingIrish Immigrants and French Canadians made up the majority of the workforce

The men used

timber axes

to cut the trees down and the shape the trees into squares

The men also used

cross-cut saws

to cut trees

downSlide21
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Timber Trade: LoggingLife in a timber camp was difficultMen moved from farms in the summer to timber camps in the winterCold, not much food, difficult working conditions, etc.Slide24
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Timber Trade: LoggingUsually, the cut tress were ‘squared’

This means turning the round tree into a

square

shape

Squared timber: large square pieces

Beams / planks: thinner squared

peices

Oxen

,

horses

and eventually trains were used to

move

the cut

treesSlide28

Timber Trade: LoggingSquaring timber could have been done by hand or by saw millsSaw mills were close to water  flow of water to help move the saw Slide29

Timber Trade: Technology The

timber

trade

used

technology

in

different

ways

Sawmills

,

canals

and

railways

were the most importantSawmills cut the large logs quicker that cutting them by handCanals are

man made ‘rivers’ to help move the logs quicker

Railways

could

move

timber

and

other

goods

quicker

than

water and

could

connect

cities

Banks

were

also

important



they

helped

pay

for

sawmills

,

canals

and

railwaysSlide30

SawmillsSawmills were built next to water way with fast currents

They used the current to move a

blade

that would cut the logs into squares or into

boards

.

There were very small sawmills that would cut logs for

towns

close by

There were also

large

sawmills that would cut lots of logs to ship elsewhere

Men would place logs in a harness and the

waterpower

would move the blade to cut the logsSlide31
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Timber: TransportationTrees were put into a river or stream

to be moved from the logging camp to other places

Trees were put into the

water

in

spring

The water was free from

ice

The men used the river to

move

the trees.Slide36

Timber: TransportationMost of the time the tress were tied togetherThis was called a

‘raft’

Mean would stay on the raft until it got to its

destination

Usually, the cut trees were put onto

boats

and sent to

England or used to build ships / war shipsSlide37
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Timber: Transportation and CanalsCanals are

man made

rivers

They are used for the timber trade and for boats to travel into the continent

Canals

connect

to natural rivers and lakes

Canals were needed to make

shipping

faster

This made the

economy

stronger

The first canals were close to

Montreal and

Ottawa

The

Lachine Canal and

Rideau Canal are still visible today.Slide43

Timber: Transportation and CanalsCanals were very useful to import goods inland and to transport resources for shipment to other parts of the world (England mainly)The colony invested heavily in canals using tax money to do soPeople invested in logging benefitted from this greatly

Cities connected to canals would become important ‘nodes’Slide44
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