and Mass Depopulation During Animal Health Emergencies Overview and Considerations Definitions Euthanasia Good death As painless and stress free as possible Mass depopulation Large numbers of animals ID: 256956
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Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationDuring Animal Health Emergencies
Overview and ConsiderationsSlide2
DefinitionsEuthanasia“Good death” As painless and stress free as possible
Mass depopulation
Large numbers of animals
Safely, quickly and efficiently destroyedMoral obligation to ensure welfare
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide3
Goals of EuthanasiaHumane treatment at all timesAcceptable methodQuick, efficient and humane
Minimize negative psychological impact
Animal owners and caretakers,
responders, publicPrevent disease spread
Prevent adulterated animal products from entering food chain
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide4
ConsiderationsGuidelinesMethod SelectionProcedure
Personnel
Animal
WelfarePublic Perception
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide5
Euthanasia GuidelinesAmerican Veterinary Medical AssociationGuidelines on Euthanasia
(2013)
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines:
Mass Depopulation and EuthanasiaWorld Organization for Animal Health (OIE)
Terrestrial Animal Health Code (Ch. 7.6)
Killing Animals for Disease Control
Purposes
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide6
Method SelectionSpeciesNumber of animalsHandling and
restraint
Technical skill
CostResiduesPersonnel safetyRegulations
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide7
Procedure ConsiderationsHumane treatmentQuickly rendered
unconscious
Minimize pain
and stressSkilled personnelConfirmation of death
Back-up methodSite selection
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide8
Animal WelfareCalm, gentle handling Non-slip surfacesIndoors – consider access for removal and disposal
Non-ambulatory animals euthanized where they
are
JIT Guidelines for handling/restrainthttp://
www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Emergency-Response/just-in-time-training.php
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide9
Public PerceptionConduct indoors or away from public viewTreat animals humanely at all timesMedia may help convey information
Necessity of depopulation
Updates
Public Information Officer (PIO) should coordinate to treat the situation proactively
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide10
Euthanasia MethodsPhysicalChemical
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide11
Physical Euthanasia MethodsCaptive boltGunshot
Special circumstance
Electrocution (swine)
Cervical dislocation,decapitation (poultry)Adjunct physical methods
Exsanguination and pithing
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide12
Chemical Euthanasia MethodsInjectable drugsBarbiturates/
barbituric acid derivatives
Documentation of
controlled substancesGasAnesthetic gases
Carbon monoxideCarbon dioxideAdjunct injectable chemical methods
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide13
Methods of EuthanasiaPhysical methodsQuick, painless, humane, practicalRequire technical skill, highly trained personnel
Chemical methods
Pet livestock, companion animals
Impractical for mass depopulation of livestock
Chemical residuesLarge volume of drugs required
Increased handling
to
inject drugs
Cost of
chemicals
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide14
Unacceptable Methodsof EuthanasiaManually applied blunt traumaInjection of any chemical not labeled for use as a euthanasia agent
Injection of air into blood vessel
Electrocution with a
120 or 220 volt electrical cord
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide15
Euthanasia methods by speciesJust In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide16
Bovine, Sheep, Goat EuthanasiaPrimary methods
Captive bolt
Gun shot
Adjunct methodsKCL, Magnesium salts
Exsanguination, pithingCompanion livestockInjectable drugs
Barbiturates
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide17
Equine EuthanasiaPrimary methodsSedation then barbiturateCaptive bolt
Gunshot
Adjunct method
Safety issues
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide18
Swine EuthanasiaPrimary methodsCaptive bolt
Gunshot
Gas: Carbon dioxide (CO
2)Only for smaller swine
Adjunct methodsCompanion livestockInjectable drugs
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide19
Poultry EuthanasiaMethodsInhaled anesthetics
Carbon
dioxide (CO
2)Water-based foamInjectable anesthetics
Cervical dislocationfor smaller birdsDecapitation NOT recommended if other means available
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide20
Confirmation of DeathDeath must be confirmed on each individual animalParametersLack of heartbeat
Lack of respiration
Lack of corneal reflex
The eyelid is not closed when the cornea/eyeball surface is touchedPresence of rigor mortis
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide21
PersonnelTrainingSafetyPsychological Impact
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide22
Personnel TrainingAnimal handlingApproved euthanasia
method to be used
Safety issues
PPEBiosecurityCleaning and disinfection procedures
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide23
SafetySpecific considerationsSize, weight, Temperament
Dangerous animals
Animal familiarity with humans
Restraint methods availableEuthanasia method and/or
equipment available
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide24
Psychological Impact:RespondersCompassion fatigue
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Recognition in self
and othersPsychological first aidCounselors and mental health experts should
be available
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide25
Psychological Considerations: Owners and StakeholdersOwners should
not be present
If present, brief owners on
Chosen euthanasia methodSafetyCounseling services
Public Information Office in charge of communications
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide26
References and ResourcesAVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals
https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf
FAD Prep/NAHEMS GuidelinesMass Depopulation and Euthanasia
http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/pdf/fad-prep-nahems-guidelines-mass-depopulation-and-euthanasia
Procedures for Humane Euthanasia. Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine
http://
vetmed.iastate.edu/humaneeuthanasia/en/euthanasia-downloads#Index
World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Terrestrial Animal Health Code
Killing of Animals for Disease Control Purposes
http
://
www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahc/2010/en_chapitre_1.7.6.htm
Just In Time Training
Euthanasia and Mass DepopulationSlide27
Acknowledgments
Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the Multi-State Partnership for Security in Agriculture
Authors: Katie Steneroden,
DVM, MPH, PhD, DACVPM
Reviewer: Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM