Mrs Basmah kattan MPH Outline Terms and definitions Gateway drugs Types of drugs Categories of drugs Addiction activity How Addiction Happens Factors That Influence Drug Action ID: 569029
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Slide1
Introduction to drug abuse
Mrs.
Basmah
kattan
, MPH Slide2
Outline
Terms and definitions
Gateway drugs
Types of drugs
Categories of drugs
Addiction (activity)
How Addiction
Happens
Factors That Influence Drug
Action
Why do people use
drugs
Symptoms of drug user
How Drugs Are
Taken
Stages of addiction
Exercise Slide3
Definitions
Drug –
a substance that causes a physical or emotional change in a person.
affects
the
processes
of the mind or body;
*Over-the-counter-
(non-prescription)
*Prescription Drugs – Dr. written order
*Tobacco*Alcohol*Illegal drugs* Herbal*Caffeine*InhalantsSlide4
Effect
– the influence a drug has on the body and the mind or both.
Drug Use
– taking meds properly and in its correct dosage
.
Drug
Misuse –
improper use of a
drug
(
usually done by
mistake)
Drug abuse –
intentional improper use of a drug.Slide5
Psychoactive effects –
an effect on a person’s mood or behavior.
Mood-altering
affects brain
activity
Overdose –
a serious sometimes fatal reaction to a large dose of a drug
Dose –
an exact amount of a drugSlide6
Tolerance
:
A
stage of drug abuse in which the brain and body get used to a drug, causing a person to have to take more and more of the drug to get the same
effect
Dependence
: A stage of drug abuse in which a person needs a drug just to feel okay (normal). Slide7
Addiction
A
style of living characterized by compulsive use and overwhelming involvement
with
a drug. A stage of drug abuse in which the user cannot stop taking the drug despite serious negative consequences; the drug takes control of the brain and overpowers the body’s natural signals
Compulsive use of a drug despite any cost
Changes the structure and chemistry of the brainSlide8
Withdrawal
:
A
stage of drug abuse when the user stops taking the drug. The user is often in physical pain and may suffer from depression, hallucinations or delusions. Slide9
Other Drug Vocabulary
Relapse
– the tendency to return to addictive behavior after a period of abstinence
.
Euphoria
– “high”
Synesthesia
– an effect where sensory messages are incorrectly assigned (hear a taste, smell a sound)
Flashbacks
– perceptual distortions and bizarre thoughts that occur after the drug has been eliminated from the bodySlide10
What are
g
ateway drugs?
A gateway drug is a drug that opens the door to other, harder drug use.
What are examples of gateway drugs?
Alcohol, Tobacco, MarijuanaSlide11
Drugs can be separated into Types and Categories
Types of Drugs:
Prescription Drugs
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs
Recreational Drugs
alcohol, tobacco, caffeine
Illicit Drugs
Illegal
Most are
psychoactive
– changes brain chemistry
Types of DrugsSlide12
Stimulants
– speed up the mental and physical responses of the central nervous system.
Increase Heart Rate
blood pressure
breathing rate
alertness
Categories of drugsSlide13
Depressants
– the opposite of stimulants, these drugs slow down brain and body reactions
decreases heart and breathing rates
lowers blood pressure
Alcohol Barbiturates
Sedatives TranquilizersSlide14
Narcotics
– Powerful painkillers – suppress the CNS. They have a high potential for abuse and addiction.
Heroin OxyContin
Codeine Vicodin
Methadone
DarvonSlide15
Hallucinogens
– distort sensory information going to the brain, while not all users hallucinate, have a distorted sense of reality. No medical use.
LSD PCP Rohypnol
MDMA – Ecstasy
Mushrooms
= Also know as
club drugs
Slide16
Inhalants
– common household products. Chemical inhaled gives mind-altering effects. Slide17
Marijuana
– formally classified as both a hallucinogen and a depressant, marijuana and its derivatives are in a category all by themselves.
Up to 20 times stronger than 30 years agoSlide18
Addiction
Besides
drugs what
else could
someone be addicted to?Slide19Slide20
Potato Chip Activity
How does it feel to stop after just one chip?
How many of you would like another chip?
How do cravings for potato chips differ from cravings for tobacco, alcohol or other drugs?
How might your body react if you stopped eating potato chips?
What if you stopped using tobacco, alcohol, or some other drug after you are addicted?Slide21
How Addiction Happens…
Once a drug reaches the brain, it acts on one or more neurotransmitters, either increasing or decreasing their concentration and actions.
Neurotransmitters include substances such as
serotonin
and
dopamine
that are released from your brain to make you feel good.Slide22
Dopamine and SerotoninSlide23
Dopamine and the brainSlide24
How quickly someone becomes addicted
d
epends on several factors:
Genetic
connection to addiction
Stress, worry,
tension
– the more there is, the more likely you are to look for so-called relief.
Drug being used. Some drugs cause addiction after just
one
or a few uses. Slide25
Factors That Influence Drug Action
Dose
Age
Body Weight
Gender
Previous
knowledg
e
of
drug
Other drugs in body
Contents of stomach
Mood
Expectations
EnvironmentSlide26
Why do people use drugs
?
Curiosity
Peer
pressure
Peer acceptance
Pleasure seeking
Act of rebellion
BoredomSlide27
Symptoms of a Drug User
Personality
Becomes disrespectful,
verbal and physical abuse
Is angry a lot, acts paranoid or confused, extreme mood swings
Seems depressed and less out-going than usual.
Is secretive, lies about what s/he is doing and where s/he is going.
Steals or “loses” possessions s/he used to value.
Seems to have a lot of money or is always asking for moneySlide28
Symptoms of a Drug User
Physical Appearance
Not taking care of hygiene and grooming.
Not
sleeping or sleeping too much.
Loss of appetite
Weight loss or weight gain.
Too hyperactive or too little energy.Slide29
Symptoms of a Drug User
Social Activity/School
Performance
Drops old friends
and activities.
Skips school
Loses interest in school work and is getting low grades
Sleeps in class
Loses concentration and is having trouble remembering things.Slide30
How Drugs Are Taken
Inhaled
Injection
Orally
Snorted
Transdermal (Patches)
Absorbed Slide31
Stages of Addiction
Stage 1
curiosity is a motivator
learning to trust/mistrust the drug used
“High” is still a new feelingSlide32
Stages of Addiction
Stage 2
User is thinking more about drugs
Previous relationships become difficult
User uses when alone
User still thinks they have controlSlide33
Stages of Addiction
Stage 3
Seeks out the “high”
Has confidence in using the drug
User thinks the drug won’t hurt them
Peer group uses
Tolerance developsSlide34
Stages of Addiction
Stage 4
Can no longer get “high”
User uses the drug to avoid being sick!
Drugs become the center of their lifeSlide35
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Does the scenario represent Tolerance,
Dependence
or
Addiction?Slide36
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Maha
has to take twice as much heroin to get the same high she used to get with just one needle
.Slide37
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Rayan
has a compulsive need to drink alcohol
.Slide38
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Ahmed
will do anything, including steal from his friends to get the drugs
.Slide39
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
The brain adjusts to the drug to the point that it needs the drug to function normally
.Slide40
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Sarah’s
reward pathway doesn’t respond as strongly as it used to when she smokes a cigarette
.Slide41
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Saleh
experiences overwhelming physical withdrawal symptoms when he doesn’t take heroin
.Slide42
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Instead of a good feeling, taking the drug only produces relief
.Slide43
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
The drug user’s brain cells become more resistant to the effects of the drug
.Slide44
Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Layla
cannot control her cocaine use anymore
.Slide45
Tolerance, Dependence, or Addiction
1
. Tolerance
2.
Addiction
3.
Addiction
4.
Dependence
5.
Tolerance
6.
Addiction
7.
Dependence
8
.
Tolerance
9.
Addiction