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Theearlystudyofmodallogictothelate1950sconsistedmainlyofsuggestedaxiomaticsystemsbasedonanintuitiveunderstandingofthebasicnotionsCertainaxiomatizationsbecamestandardandarecollectedhereintheformofat. 1 2 Varieties of descriptivism 3 21 Cluster descriptivism 3032 6167 3 22 Meaning vs reference64257xing 53 5760 3 23 Circular an Saul Kripke 1940 Philosopher logician and mathematician Kripke is nearly universally acknowledged as one of the foremost living philosophers You have read excerpts from his most seminal work a series of lectures given in 1970 transcribed and publis Classic views on names Mill Frege Russell Mill Proper names are not connotative they denote the individuals who are called by them but they do not indicate or imply any attributes as belong ing to those individuals When we name a child by the name P principaldeningelementforinstancesofthatkind,regardlessofwhatthoseinstancesactuallylooklike(Kripke,1972;Put-nam,1975).So,emotionalepisodesthatlookdifferentonthesurface Saul Kripke. Kripke. in fiction. Kripke. ’. s Puzzle. How are contingent identity statements possible?. Since everything that exists is necessarily self-identical. Answer: Contingent identity statements are possible; contingent identity isn. * Gawain KRIPKE, a graduate of Harvard College, is Senior Policy Advisor for Oxfam America, based in Washington, DC. producers and to encourage consumption of US cotton. For example, to qualify for fa Kripke'sappliesthisdistinctiontothecaseofpropernames:\Fregeshouldbecriticizedforusingtheterm`sense'intwosenses.Forhetakesthesenseofadesignatortobeitsmeaning;andhealsotakesittobethewayitsreferenceisdet First improtant decision: the theory is about . sentences,. not about propositions.. Like Tarski, not like Barwise & Etchemendy. . ***. A variant of the Liar:. More than half of Nixon’s assertions about Watergate are false. (Said by Jones.). Till now: . L . is a FOL with totally defined (presumably nonsemantical) predicates over some domain (that contains sentences codes).. L. *(S1,S2): . L. extended with a T(x) partially defined unary predicate (extension: S1, antiextension: S2).. Andrew Hirsch and . Michael Clarkson. George Washington University. Cornell University. ACM Conference on Computer and Communications . Security. November 6, 2013. Formal Reasoning . about Authorization. PHIL 2610. Philosophy of Language. 1. st. Term 2016. Classical Descriptivism. Representation. Words/ thoughts have meanings. . They are . about. things. Why do words, for example, represent the things that they do, instead of other things or nothing at all?. Andrew Hirsch and . Michael Clarkson. George Washington University. Cornell University. DCAPS. January 24, 2014. Formal Reasoning . about Authorization. Standard policies: . DAC, MAC, …. Formula-based policies:. The Absurdity of Fit. In one sense, all the views we’ve considered in class so far are views on which meaning is a type of “fit.” On the idea theory, meanings (connotations) are ideas. Ideas have a certain . 3. Contents. Motivation. What. is . Bounded. Model . Checking. ?. Translation. from . Bounded. MC to SAT. Completeness. 01.11.2019. 4. Prerequisites. General Model Checking. Temporal Logic. 01.11.2019.