Meryl J Williams AsiaPacificFishWatch APEC Workshop MarketBased Improvement in Live Reef Food Fish Trade Bali 13 March 2011 Exploding 2 Myths Regulations Just build more capacity ID: 598543
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Major challenges to regulating small-sca..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Major challenges to regulating small-scale fisheries and trade in South-east Asia, with emphasis on LRFFT
Meryl J Williams,
AsiaPacific-FishWatch
APEC Workshop
Market-Based Improvement in Live Reef Food Fish Trade
Bali, 1-3 March 2011Slide2
Exploding 2 MythsSlide3
Regulations?
Just build more
capacity!Slide4
Governments & industry emphasize exportsStrong economic incentives
Sustainability less importantRegulating LRFFT only one of many priorities‘What’s wrong with it?’Can these fish be sustainably harvested?
Compared to other small scale fisheries, offshore expansion
Regulations can corrupt
LRFFT full of opportunities for corruption and crime
Regulations: Just build more capacity!Slide5
Crowded regulatory landscape
Devolved authoritiesMultiple gov’t levelsPre-existing systemsConservation systems
Neither
gov’t
nor self-regulation is enough
Dispersed geographies
Challenges of
transboundary
tradeMajor capacity gapsMultiple needsImprovements will be incrementalInformation inaccessible
Little public knowledge
Regulations: Just build more capacity!Slide6
Regulations?
Just build more
capacity!Slide7
Trade?
Just transform the
markets!Slide8
LRFFT supply and demand not readily influenced
Collaboration and confrontation are difficultMarketsTrade bans not likely, not sold through supermarkets, EU
China
, HK, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Singapore
Strong
cultural,
status drivers
Supply
What are fishers’ alternatives?
Trade: Just transform the markets!Slide9
Threats to certification (GEF-STAP 2010)Weak certification standards
Noncompliance with standardsLimited participationAdverse self-selectionTrade barriers lowAnd often circumvented
Buyers reach the most remote suppliers
Need well functioning regulatory system
Information difficult to obtain, access
Public awareness complex
NYT 2010. Live fish for China, Bali
Trade: Just transform the markets!Slide10
Trade?
Just transform the
markets!Slide11Slide12
6 RulesSlide13
Demand and supply sides
Pathways, participants, dynamics
Power
structures and dependencies
PFS=ECY + SEP
(van Santen 2006)
Politically feasible solution = effective commercial yield + socio-economic and environmental program
S. Sulawesi
Bajau
fisher moving live fish to export company’s net cages 2010 NYT James MorganSlide14
Demand
Age-cohorts, cultures, classes develop different expectations
What champions and opinion makers could reach key market segments?
Supply
Market presentations
of LRFF conceal labor processes and social relations of their production
(Gaynor 2010)
C.W.
Kee
,
The Star ,
Malaysia, 2006/04/15Slide15
Work around lack of capacity
Work with positive elements, e.g., scientists, environment groups, journalists, academics, school teachers, religious leaders
Create new stakeholder/interest groups outside and inside supply chains, e.g., scientists, students, local people, women, high-end restaurants
Confrontation and trade bans can work, but use with caution
Strengthen the mainstream
Regional and national priorities identified at RPOA-APEC 2010 workshop, approved by RPOA Coordinating Committee
http://genderaquafish.org/Slide16
* = priorities are country specificSlide17
Mine existing knowledge
Aggregate credible information from all sources
AsiaPacific-FishWatch
To make knowledge accessible to consumers
Under construction by Asian Fisheries Society
http://asiapacfishwatch.org/Slide18
Look for synergies within the crowded regulatory landscapeSlide19
Multiple gov’t
levels on fisheriesRPOA, national, devolved/decentralizedPre-existing systems under social transformationsCustomary Institutions in Indonesia (ISCF 2009)
Managing Coastal and Inland Waters
(
Ruddle
&
Satria
2010)
Conservation driven systems addressing fisheriesCOREMAP, CTI, MPAs
Rule 5. Don’t over-simplifySlide20
Avoid ‘seeing like a state’
(James C. Scott, 1999)
Rule 5. Don’t over-simplifySlide21
Watch
out for
‘Black Swans’, such as
Climate change, earthquakes, urban and agriculture waste, oil/food price shifts
Technology and market changes
Beware aquaculture promises for high end LRFFT species
!
And the opportunities for actionSlide22
Replace the Myths with the RulesSlide23Slide24
RPOA Table of Human and Institutional Capacity Building Needs for Marine Capture Fisheries, From
Da Nang Workshop, December 2010 /2
FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLANNING
Developing fishery specific management plans, incorporating the ecosystem approach to fisheries and participation
FISHING CAPACITY MANAGEMENT
Vessel licensing and/or registration
Rights based fisheries management
Developing alternative livelihoods
Commercial capacity reduction schemes
STRENGTHENING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Strengthening fishery independent monitoring systems
Strengthening Information management
Design of information collection systems
Strengthening monitoring of Fisheries trade
Strengthening fishery dependent monitoring systems
STRENGTHENING THE SCIENTIFIC AND ECONOMIC BASIS FOR FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
Strengthening scientific analytical capability and capacity to gather information
Integrating scientific advice into management planning
Economic impact analysis
Strengthening capacity for assessment of climate change adaptation/mitigation in fisheries, inc. fishing vessel emissions
Research planningSlide25
RPOA Table of Human and Institutional Capacity Building Needs for Marine Capture Fisheries, From
Da Nang Workshop, December 2010
EFFECTIVE
DECENTRALIZATION
Strengthening coordination and accountability between national/local levels
Strengthening implementation at local level
Community-based management of fisheries
Strengthening legal basis to support decentralisation
STRENGTHENING MCS
Strengthening MCS information systems
Strengthening MCS Co-ordination
Building entry/mid level MCS skills
Port State Measures
Risk assessment/compliance planning
Encouraging Voluntary compliance
STRENGTHENING REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
Strengthening capacity for complementary management of transboundary stocks
Strengthening capacity for Joint (and common) Stock assessment (RPOA stock assessment platform; defining stock structure)
Strengthening capacity for cooperative MCS
Strengthen capacity for International engagement
STRENGTHENING LEGAL, POLICY AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT
Clarifying institutional roles/responsibilities
Encourage strengthening of legal frameworks (inc. improving compatibility; capability to address emerging issues)
Strengthening capacity of senior execs to promote importance of fisheries
Strengthening capacity for internal needs assessment
Public performance reportingSlide26
[
1]
Country specific priorities, depending on unique circumstances of each country; stage and system dependent