PPT-Molecular Orbitals for Alkyl Halide Electrophiles

Chemistry 335 Supplemental Slides Chapter 2 1 To build molecular orbitals first recall that the energy of the starting atomic orbitals depends the electronegativity of the element which you can get from the periodic table. . Competing Reactions. Alkyl halides can react with Lewis bases by . nucleophilic substitution and/or elimination.. C. C. H. X. +. Y. :. –. C. C. Y. H. X. :. –. +. C. C. +. H. Y. X. :. –. +. . Structure. Alkyl halides (R−X) have an alkyl group joined to a halogen atom by a single . bond.. As . you go down the periodic . table,. the . size of the halogen atom . increases. the . C−X bond is . Chapter 9. Molecular Shapes. Section 9.1. Lewis structures only provide a 2-D representation of a molecule. However, by including the bond angles of molecules, a more accurate 3-D representation can be achieved. The 2p. z. orbitals overlap in head-to-head fashion,. so these bonds are.... s. bonds.. -- the corresponding MOs are: . s. 2p. and . s. *. 2p. The other 2p orbitals (i.e., 2p. x. and 2p. y. ) overlap in. Chapter 8. The Shape of Small Molecules. 8-1. Molecular Geometry. The behavior of atoms is determined chiefly by their electron configurations. The . behavior of molecules also depends on their structural characteristics. 145 Chem. 1. 145 Chem. 2. Alkyl Halides. 145 . Chem. 3. CH. 3. -X and R-CH. 2. -X : Primary alkyl halide.. (R). 2. -CH-X : Secondary alkyl halide.. (R). 3. -C-X : Tertiary alkyl halide.. . Orbitals. Organic compounds are organised into groups according to similarities and differences in their structure.. Groups of atoms within a molecule give the molecule specific characteristic properties.. Unit 7. Ethers!. Ether – organic compounds . where two alkyl or aryl groups joined singly with an oxygen atom. R-O-R’ R-O-Ar Ar-O-Ar. Ethers. Symmetrical ethers – 2 identical groups bonded to the oxygen. Atoms, Orbitals & Bonding Topics:. Very quick history of chemistry…. What is organic chemistry?. Atomic models: nuclear to quantum. All . about . orbitals. How . orbitals fill: electron . configuration. Amines are derivatives of ammonia molecules that contain a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more alkyl groups on each molecule.. . Many amines have strong, unpleasant odours.. . ex. putrescine. cadaverine. Edited by Margaret Hilton. Honors Organic Chemistry. University of Utah. Molecular Orbitals. Lennard-Jones. , J.E. (1929) Trans.Faraday Soc. 25, 668. . . Link. 1929. - . John . Lennard. -Jones . describes. structures. . Arrow formalism & . m. olecular framework. Introduction to alkanes. . Isomers. . IUPAC naming of alkanes. . Alkyl halides & cycloalkanes. Functional groups: where the action is. DE Chemistry. Dr. Walker. Hybridization and the Localized Electron Model. Hybridization. The . mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar energies on . the same . atom . to . produce new orbitals of equal . Atul. Kumar Singh. Assistant Professor. Department of Chemistry . M. L. . Arya. College, . Kasba. Purnia. -854330. India. Friedel. -Craft Reaction. First developed by French scientist Charles . Friedel.