Sean J Barbeau Edward L Hillsman Center for Urban Transportation Research University of South Florida GIS in Transit Conference St Petersburg Florida September 14 2011 Funded by the Florida Department of Transportation and ID: 708524
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Using Open Data to Develop Multimodal Trip Planners for Livable Communities
Sean J. BarbeauEdward L. HillsmanCenter for Urban Transportation Research @University of South FloridaGIS in Transit ConferenceSt. Petersburg, FloridaSeptember 14, 2011
Funded by the
Florida Department of Transportation and the National Center for Transit ResearchSlide2
Purpose
Advise on two emerging technologiesMultimodal trip planningCrowd-sourced data/applicationsExplain state-of-the-art and relationship to GISSlide3
Why multimodal trip planners?
If you want to drive, the question is “How do I get there?”Road networks are dense, connected, completeGoogle, Mapquest, Yahoo can easily tell youFor bike/walk/bus, the question is “Can I get there (by a safe route)?”Networks are sparse, incomplete, or bothRoute-specific info is more important than when drivingSlide4
Multimodal
Options to mix modes for a trip
Examples
Bike to bus, ride bus, bike or walk to final destinationDrive/bike to park-and-ride, take bus
Wheelchair-accessible routes
Various access to/from bike-sharing, car-sharing
Trip planning software types
Unimodal
Similar to what Google Maps/Transit/Bikes, Yahoo Maps, Mapquest offer
One mode per trip:Slide5
Proprietary Trip-planning software
Custom-built software and data are expensiveGoroo® in Chicago cost more than $1 million and is still being improvedWeb-based software is proprietary and closedGoogle, Yahoo, etc. are free to use, butServices depend on the needs and desires of the providersProviders limit use and presentation of their systems (frequency, branding)Slide6
OpenTripPlanner
Free, open-source software - opentripplanner.orgDevelopment spearheaded by Tri-Met in Portland, with grant funding (2009-present)Active worldwide developers’ groupAvailable for anyone to download, install, modify(and, with approval, contribute back)Non-profit OpenPlans can provide installation, customization, maintenance supportOpenPlans will be giving Keynote on OTP status and roadmap on Thurs. morning at 8:30amSlide7
OpenTripPlanner – True Multimodal
USF’s OTP Demo for Tampa, Fl - http://opentripplanner.usf.eduExample: Bike->Bus->BikeSlide8
OpenTripPlanner – Interlining between transit systems
HART
USF
Bull RunnerSlide9
Why don’t we just use Google Maps?
In USF community, Google Maps can’t find USF building names or abbreviationsGoogle Maps gives walking directions on Alumni Dr. (where there were no sidewalks) and using a cross-street (instead of the nearby crosswalk)
Google Maps
OpenTripPlanner
© 2011 Google – Map data © 2011 Google
Data CC-By-SA OpenStreetMapSlide10
OTP Wheelchair accessible routing options
Regular route with stairsSlide11
Wheelchair-accessible route
OTP Wheelchair accessible routing optionsSlide12
GIS DataTo provide this kind of service, you need data
Transit routes and schedulesStreet network(plus addresses, points of interest for geocoding)Bicycling facilities(lanes, routes, parking)Sidewalks, crosswalks, and other pedestrian infrastructureFuture: Park-and-ride lots, car-sharing, and/or bike-sharing stations12Slide13
Open Data Sources for OpenTripPlanner
General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS)Over 140 agencies in US have transit data in this format, more than 447 world-wideMost agencies did this to get on Google TransitBut, GTFS is open-data format that anyone can useUsed by many mobile appsOpenTripPlannerBecoming a de facto standardSee “GTFS Data Exchange” for list of agencies with GTFS data
http://www.gtfs-data-exchange.com/ Or, ask your local agencyMajor transit scheduling software packages can prepare GTFSSlide14
Open Data Sources for OpenTripPlanner
OpenStreetMap.orgThink “Wikipedia for geographic data”People contribute data under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 licenseEdit online, using custom GPS traces, or programmaticallyAnyone can download and use the data (not just the maps)Slide15
Open Data Sources for OpenTripPlanner
National Elevation Dataset (NED)Provides elevation data for biking/walking in OTPCurrently used to produce elevation graph, and for some biking routing decisionsSlide16
Open Data Sources for OpenTripPlanner
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) filesOpenTripPlanner can also support loading GIS (e.g., .shp) filesLocal government sources:CityCountySpecial Districts (parks, etc.)Ask your local government what data might be availableEspecially if there isn’t much OpenStreetMap activity in your areaSlide17
Open IssuesMultimodal trip planning is a new field, and there are still . . .
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Pedestrian Signals & Crossings
“Implicit” vs. “Explicit” data coding of pedestrian infrastructure in OpenStreetMapImplicit – less work when sidewalks are always present and follow roads (e.g., downtown):Explicit – less work when sidewalks are sparse, or don’t follow roads:18Slide19
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Explicit exampleSlide20
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Explicit coding exampleSlide21
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"highway=footway” "footway=crossing”
"highway=crossing”
+ "crossing=pedestrian signals“"marking=zebra”"wheelchair=yes”
Explicit coding exampleSlide22
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"highway=footway” (normal sidewalk tag)"footway=crossing" (new tag)"highway=crossing”+
Pedestrian Signals & Crossings
"crossing=pedestrian signals”"marking=zebra”"wheelchair=yes"FOR OTP ROUTING:Slide23
Pedestrian Signals & Crossings
How to support implicit coding routing, and locations where explicit/implicit codings merge?23Slide24
Open Issues – Crowd-sourcing Level of Service
Having traffic characteristics for roads would help in pedestrian/biking routing decisionsHowever, traditional road traffic metrics (i.e., traffic volume, width of lanes) are difficult/dangerous to crowd-sourceNeed better objective metrics to define bike and walk "level-of-service" (i.e., how "good" an OSM way is for walking or biking) that can easily be recorded by a casual observer24Slide25
Open Issues – Personalizing Biking Directions
Level-of-service metrics must translate to subjective judgments for whether a cyclist would be comfortable riding on a specific roadDifferent for every cyclist:Some expert cyclists would be comfortable riding on high traffic roads where other beginner cyclists would notAlso depends on presence of bike lanes, shoulder, etc.What does an “ideal” user interface look like to meet everyone’s needs, but not be overwhelming?Should we customize based on some self-assessment of skill/comfort level?
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Open Issues – Sparseness of OSM Data
Many areas of U.S. are still sparsely populated in OSMWe believe OTP is a “game-changer” – now OSM contributors can see direct benefits of their work in OTP routingWhat are the motivations/profiles of current U.S. contributors?How can we leverage this knowledge, and visibility of benefits in OTP, to motivate a larger crowd of OSM contributors?26Slide27
GO-Sync
A Software Tool to Synchronize Transit Agency GTFS Datasets with OpenStreetMap
Coded by
Khoa TranSlide28
GO-Sync Motivation
Shortcomings of official transit GTFS datasetsInaccurate bus stop locationsLack of transit data in OSM for many U.S. citiesGoal – create a tool that can:Share transit agency data with OpenStreetMap communityLeverage social mapping model to improve bus stop inventory, and allow agency to retrieve these improvementsSlide29
Challenges
Need to respect work by other OSM usersAvoid overwriting existing OSM dataLack of a strict tagging system in OSMEx: “route”, “routes”, “route_id” “route_ref”Need to avoid duplicating OSM dataOngoing updates to GTFS dataIntegration of crowd-sourced data into transit agency internal datasetsSlide30
GO-Sync
General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) – OpenStreetMap (OSM) Synchronizationhttp://code.google.com/p/gtfs-osm-sync/Open-source, under Apache 2.0GO-Sync is an open-source tool that can synchronize GTFS datasets with OSMPerforms “Point-conflation”, or merging, for bus stops in OSMSlide31
1) Input GTFS data and Agency InfoSlide32
GO-Sync analysis, allowing user changes before uploadSlide33
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Evaluation in Tampa
On July 2010, 3,812 new HART stops uploaded(133 stops previously existed) By January 2011, 173 modifications were madeExample:
movedSlide36
Evaluation in TampaSlide37
GO-Sync Summary
GO-Sync can help you leverage crowd-sourced edits for your bus stop inventoryAvailable to download from Google Codehttp://code.google.com/p/gtfs-osm-sync/Caveats:Must have the GTFS owner’s permission before upload!!!It’s a prototype – read the instructions carefully!!May not be appropriate for all transit agenciesKnowledge of OSM is highly suggestedRespect others work!We would welcome improvements by other contributors!
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ConclusionsWhat should I take away from today’s presentation?
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Takeaways
Open-source multimodal trip planners are a realityGet your GIS data together for your communityGTFSOpenStreetMapLocal GISThink about multimodal data connectionsBike/walk is part of trip, not whole tripPark-and-Ride lots, carsharing, bikesharingIntersection data
How might you benefit from crowd-sourced data?Benefits of open software/dataNo vendor lock-inCommunity add-ons (USF students
created OTP Android app, USF BullRunner GTFS data)Slide40
Contact Information
Project Website:http://www.locationaware.usf.edu/ongoing-research/projects/open-transit-data/OpenTripPlanner Tampa Demo:Opentripplanner.usf.eduSean Barbeau, M.S. (OpenTripPlanner/Android)barbeau@cutr.usf.edu(813) 974-7208
Ed Hillsman, Ph.D. (OpenStreetMap)hillsman@cutr.usf.edu(813) 974-2977
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