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NETWORK TOPOLOGIES Topology refers to the layout of the network i.e. the arrangement in NETWORK TOPOLOGIES Topology refers to the layout of the network i.e. the arrangement in

NETWORK TOPOLOGIES Topology refers to the layout of the network i.e. the arrangement in - PowerPoint Presentation

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NETWORK TOPOLOGIES Topology refers to the layout of the network i.e. the arrangement in - PPT Presentation

The characteristics of a network depend upon the type of topology selected for designing that network There are five basic network topologies 1 Star Topology 2 Ring Topology 3 Bus Topology ID: 920741

topology network cable computer network topology computer cable node star hub connected nodes ring mesh bus tree central entire

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Slide1

NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

Slide2

Topology refers to the layout of the network i.e. the arrangement in which all the computers and other networking devices are physically wired. In nutshell, network topology is the shape of the network.

The characteristics of a network depend upon the type of topology selected for designing that network. There are five basic network topologies

:-

1) Star Topology

2) Ring Topology

3) Bus Topology

4) Tree Topology, and

5) Mesh Topology

Slide3

STAR

TOPOLOGY

In star connection (also known as Hub-and-spoken topology), all the computers are connected with a central hub. All the data communication in the network takes place through the hub only. If a computer, say computer 1, sends data to another computer, say computer 2, the data sent by computer 1 will first go to the central hub and then the hub will send the data to computer 2.

In a star topology, all the work stations are directly connected to central hub with the help of cables. No two workstations are connected directly to each other.

Slide4

Advantages of Star Topology

:-

1) Establishing a network using star topology is easy to install and wire.

2) Failure or removal of one nod (computer, printer, etc.) doesn’t effect the working of other nodes.

3) In star connection faulty parts can be detected and removed with case without affecting working of other systems.

4) Star topology allows a better management of LAN as, if one of the cables turns faulty only that cable attached workstation turns faulty and rest workstations remain working as usual.

Disadvantages of Star Topology

:-

1) Since, every workstation is directly linked with the central hub, the longer length of cable is required for networking.

2) The functioning of the entire network depends upon the central hub. If the hub fails, the entire network fails.

3) It is a costlier method of establishing LAN as compared to ring or bus topology as the cost required for purchasing the longer length of the cable and the hub is very high.

Slide5

RING

TOPOLOGY

In the ring topology, all the nodes(computers) are connected to each other in a manner that the last computer connected to the network is connected to the first computer and hence, it forms a ring.

For example, if node C2 sends a message to node C5 as

shown in figure, first the data or message will be received

by the in-between nodes i.e. C3 and C4. The signals sent by

C2 will be received by the repeater of C3, which will

regenerate and amplify the signals and forward it to node C4.

Ultimately node C5 will receive the message sent by node C2.

Slide6

Advantages of Ring Topology

:-

1) Since each computer is connected to the next computer, short cable length is required for networking.

2) Low cost is required to set up a ring network than star network for two reasons one, cable length required is shorter and two, the central hub is not required.

3) In the Ring network, each computer has equal access to the ring and there is no monopoly of any single computer.

4) Ring network can be easily installed and configured.

Disadvantages of Ring Topology

:-

1) Failure of one computer affects the whole network.2) If any fault develops in the cable, it is very difficult to locate and remove the fault.3) Adding and removing one computer to/from the network is very difficult as it affects the whole network.

Slide7

BUS/LINEAR

TOPOLOGY

In bus topology, a single cable with terminators on both the ends is used to form the network to which all the nodes are connected. The cable is known as ‘backbone’ or ‘bus’. If one node sends any message to another node, the message move back or forth along the cable from one end to the other end.

Slide8

Advantages of Bus Topology

:-

1) The bus topology is easy to install.

2) A small amount of cable length is required to form the network.

3) It requires low cost for installing the network.4) A bus network can be easily extended.

5) Failure of one node doesn’t affect the entire network.

Disadvantages of Bus Topology

:-

1) The entire network depends on the backbone. The failure of the backbone shuts down the entire network.2) The speed of data transmission slows down as the number of computers increase in the network.

3) A limited number of computers can be added to the network.

Slide9

TREE

TOPOLOGY

The tree topology of establishing a network combines characteristics of both bus topology and star topology. In a tree topology, there are groups of computers which are connected as star topology and then these groups are connected to a bus backbone cable directly or through central hub. This main cable seems like the stem of the tree and the star networks as the branches of that tree.

Slide10

Advantages of Tree Topology

:-

1) Computer network can be extended by simply adding a hub in the chains of hubs.

2) The entire network is divided into different segments, one segment is represented by one star network which can be easily managed.

3) Error detection and correction is easy.4) If any one segment is damaged, other segments are not affected and they continue to function.

5) It provides point-to-point wiring for individual segments with the central hub.

Disadvantages of Tree Topology

:-

1)The entire network heavily depends on the main backbone cable. If the backbone cable fails the whole network is damaged.2) As more and more nodes and/or segments are added to the network grows and it becomes difficult to maintain the network.

3)It is not a good topology for small networks.

Slide11

MESH

TOPOLOGY

In Mesh topology, every node(device) on the network is connected to every other node on the network with point-to-point link. It involves the concept of routes. The message sent on a Mesh network may take any route to destination node out of the several routes available. A fully connected Mesh(as discussed so far) has

n(n-1

)/2 links between the nodes. Here n-refers to the number of devices in the network. For example, a fully connected Mesh having six nodes will have 6(6-1)/2

i.e. 15 links between the nodes.

Slide12

Advantages of Mesh Topology:-

1) Since each node is linked to all other nodes, it is possible to send data from one node to all other nodes.

2) Direct link between all the nodes eliminate network congestion.

3) Any fault in one link doesn’t affect the entire network.

4) Mesh topology is more secure network than any other network as the nodes are directly linked with each other.

Disadvantages of Mesh Topology

:-

1) Removing or adding a node from/to the network is difficult.

2) It is difficult to install and reconfigure a Mesh network.3) Mesh topology is costly as it requires huge amount of cable length.