HORRENCE MARY ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DEPT OF PAEDIATRICS Peritonitis is the acute or chronic inflammation of the peritoneum the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the visceral organs ID: 1011513
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1. PERITONITISDR.D. BENCITHA HORRENCE MARYASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPT OF PAEDIATRICS
2. Peritonitis is the acute or chronic inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the visceral organs. Inflammation may extend throughout the peritoneum or may be localized as an abscess.INTRODUCTION
3. Peritonitis commonly decreases intestinal motility and causes intestinal distension with gas. Mortality is 10% with death usually a result of bowel obstruction.Causative organism is pyogenic bacteriaE.COLIAerobic and anaerobic streptococcus and staphylococcus
4. Peritonitis is the inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the viscera.DEFINITION
5. Peritonitis may be caused by internal as well as external factors like:InjuryTraumaGun shoot woundStab woundCAUSES
6. InflammationBacteriaPerforation of gastrointestinal organsDialysis(peritoneal dialysis)Other causes
7. Leakage: peritonitis is caused by leakage of contents from abdominal cavityProliferation: bacterial proliferation occursEdema:occurs and exudation of fluid develops in a short timePATHOPHYSIOLOGY
8. Invasion: fluid in the peritoneal cavity becomes turbid with increasing amounts of protein,WBC,cellular debris and bloodResponse: the immediate response of the intestinal tract is hypermotility.Soon followed by paralytic illus with an accumulation of air and fluid in the bowel
9. Swelling and tenderness in the abdomenFever and chillsLoss of appetiteNausea and vomitingPainBreathing and heart rate decreasedLow BPLimited urine productionInability to pass gas or faecesCLINICAL MANIFESTATION
10. Increased WBC.the white blood cell count is almost always elevatedSerum electrolyte studies.serum electrolyte studies may reveal altered levels of potassium,sodium,and chlorideAbdominal x-ray.an abdominal x-ray may show air and fluid levels as well as distended bowel loopsASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS
11. Abdominal ultrasound. Abdominal ultrasound may reveal abscesses and fluid collectionsCT scan. A CT scan of the abdomen may reveal abscess formationMRI.MRI may be used for diagnosis of intra abdominal abscesses
12. SepsisShockIntestinal obstructionCOMPLICATIONS
13. Fluid colloid and electrolyte replacement is the major focus of medical management.Fluid: the administration of several litres of an isotonic solution is prescribedAnalgesics: are prescribed for pain.Intubation and suctionOxygen therapyAntibiotic therapyMEDICAL MANAGEMENT
14. Exploratory laprotomyExcisionResectionFecal diversionSURGICAL MANAGEMENT
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